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dassifications of the CarinatsB is that of Knowlton in his "Birds of 

 the World," and that of Evans in the volume on "Birds" in the 

 Cambridge Natural History, an outline of which is as follows: 



Brigade I. (Largely archaic types) 



Legion I. Colymbimorph^ (Diver-like Birds) 



Order 1. Ichthyornithiformes 



" 2. Colymbiformes 



" 3. Sphenisciformes 



" 4. Procellariiformes 



Legion II. Pelargomorph^ (Stork-like Birds) 

 Order 5. Ciconiiformes 



" 6. Anseriformes 



" 7. Falconiformes 



Brigade II. (Largely modem types) 



Legion III. ALECTOROMORPHiE (Fowl-like Birds) 

 Order 8. Tinamiformes 

 9. Galliformes 

 " 10. Gruiformes 



" 11. Charadriiformes 



Legion IV. CoraciomorphyE (Crow-like Birds) 

 Order 12. Cuculiformes 

 " 13. Coraciiformes 



" 14. Passeriformes 



Knowlton 's classification differs from that of Evans in only a few 

 major particulars: — 1, the tinamous are placed among the Ratitae 

 in close association with the ostriches, instead of next to the Galli- 

 formes; 2, the penguins are placed among the flightless birds, im- 

 mediately following the Ratitse; the genus Ichthyornis is placed in the 

 same order as the toothed diving birds Hesperornis and Baptornis 

 instead of among the flying or carinate birds; 4, there is ho brigading 

 of the birds into archaic and modern brigades, and there is no group- 

 ing of orders into legions, a proceeding that is less likely to lead into 

 false phylogenetic implications than the somewhat artificial grouping 

 of Evans. 



The present writer prefers to follow neither classification rigidly 

 but to use a combination of the two methods. The limitations of the 



