MAMMALIA 381 



Series 1. Platyrrhini (New World Apes). — These primates are dis- 

 tinguished by the broad nasal septum; the thumb is not opposable, 

 but usually reduced to a small vestige; the tail is long and prehensile; 

 there are no cheek pockets or pouches; there are no callosities on the 

 ischium. 



Family 1. Hapalidce. — These are the marmosets, animals about 

 the size of squirrels, quite extensively used as pets. They have a 

 very generalized diet, eating fruit, eggs, and insects, and have claws 

 instead of nails on the digits. 



Family 2. Cebidw. — Most of the common South American mon- 

 keys (Fig. 194, B) belong to this family. Several species of them are 

 familiar to everyone as the accessory of the Italian organ-grinder. 

 They are all rather slender and have exceptionally long, more or less 

 prehensible tails. The howler monkeys are noted for their prodigious 

 voice, which is produced by means of a specially modified sounding 

 apparatus. The commonest of the Cebidse are the capuchins, com- 

 panions of the hand-organ. 



Series 2. Catarrhini {Old World Apes and Man). — This series of 

 primates is characterized by: narrow nasal septum, with nostrils 

 directed downward; all have 32 teeth, as in man; non-prehensile or 

 rudimentary tail; the great toe fully opposable, except in man; the 

 thumb is always opposable. 



Family 3. Cercopithecidce (baboons, mandrills and macaques) . — -The 

 baboons and macaques (Fig. 194, C) are characterized by: quadrupedal 

 habit of locomotion; more or less dog-like heads; ischial or rump 

 callosities; no vermiform appendix; narrow chests, a character asso- 

 ciated with the quadrupedal habit; very large canine teeth; cheek 

 pockets. They are omnivorous in diet, as are the other Catarrhini. 

 One of the most striking characters of members of this family is the 

 brightness of their coloring, especially that of nose, cheeks, and rump. 

 Bright blue, scarlet and lilac colors are the commonest tints. In 

 habits they combine those of the arboreal with those of the terrestrial 

 types. They are good fighters and are able to cope with many of the 

 predaceous terrestrial animals that inhabit the Asiatic and African 

 forests. 



Family 4. Simiidce {Anthropoid Apes) . — The members of this family 

 have long been objects of especial interest on account of their close 

 relationship to Man. In no sense are they to be thought of as an- 

 cestral to Man; rather it would appear that they are "cousins," de- 



