ILLUSTRATIONS 



Note. — Illustrations marked by asterisk are from Farmers' Bulletins 

 Nos. 442 and 447 of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Other illustra- 

 tions are credited by authors individually. 



Apiary of the Bureau of Entomology, Drummond, Md. . Frontispiece 



PKi. PAGE 



1. A primitive box-hive . 1 



2. A bee and apple blossoms . ...... 5 



3. Mud hives in Palestine. (From photograph by Metcalf) . . 5 



4. Group of Caucasian hives 6 



5. An old Greek hive. (From "Wheler, 1682) .... 6 



6. Gravenhorst hive, a combination of skep and frame-hive . . 7 



7. German hive, opening at the rear .... .7 



8. Bee-house in Carniola, Austria ..... .8 



9. Carniolan hive .9 



10. Bee-house mentioned in " The Hoosier School Boy " . . 9 



11. W. B. C. hive of England 10 



12. C. D. B. hive of Ireland 11 



13. Frame of C. D. B. hive 11 



14. A woman beekeeper . . 15 



15. Roof apiai-y in lower New York City. (Drawn from photograph 



by Koot) 18 



16. Apiary on shed roof, to economize space 19 



17. Tropical apiary, San Sabastian, Porto Rico ... 19 



18. Honey-house door . . 24 



19. Porter bee escape * . . 24 



20. Ten-frame Langstroth hive with queen excluder, comb-honey 



super and telescope cover* ... ... 26 



21. Diagram showing spacing of frame and rabbet in Langstroth hive 27 



22. Spacing of Hoffman frames 28 



23. Spur wire-imbedder* 29 



24. Smoker* 29 



25. German beekeeper's pipe 30 



26. Cotton netting veil with silk tulle front* 31 



27. Hive tools* 31 



28. German bee brush * 31 



xvii 



