112 



Beekeeping 



Schiemenz/ and after 

 him by Cheshire,^ to 

 be the source of food 

 given by the work- 

 ers to the larvse of 

 queens, drones and 

 workers. It is 

 claimed that the de- 

 velopment of these 

 glands is in propor- 

 tion to the special- 

 ization of the species 

 in the feeding of the 

 larvffi ; in bumble- 

 bees (Bombus) they 

 are as well developed 

 as in the honeybee. 

 They are decreas- 

 ingly smaller in Psi- 

 thyrus, Andrena and 

 Anthophora. Since 

 the feeding of some 

 of these species is 

 entirely unlike that 

 of the honeybee, this 

 evolution perhaps 

 proves too much for 

 this theory. 



Schonfeld,' on the 

 contrary, holds that 

 the larval food arises in the ventriculus and not in these 



Fig. 60. — Alimentary canal of worker, show- 

 ing glands, pharynx (Phy), oesophagus ((E), 

 honey-stomach (HS), proventriculus (Pvent), 

 ventriculus (Vent), intestine (SInt), rectal 

 ampulla {Reel) and Malpighian tubules 

 (.Mai). 



' Schiemenz, Paulus, 1883. Ueber des Herkommen des Futtersaftes 

 und die Speicheldrusen der Bienen, nebst einem Anhange iiber das Reichor- 

 gan. Zeit. f. wiss. Zool., XXXVIII, pp. 71-135. 



^ Cheshire, 1886. Bees and beekeeping. 2 vols., London : L. Upeott 

 Gill. 



' Schonfeld, 1886. Die physiologische Bedeutuug des Magenmundes 

 der Honigbiene. Arch. f. Anat. und Physiol. Abth., pp. 451-458. 



