140 



Beekeeping 



Fig. 74. — Thorax of worker, showing 

 propodium or first abdominal segment 

 {IT). 



each side (pleural plates, 

 PIS and p?S). The 

 tergum (dorsal plate) 

 of the first abdominal 

 segment {IT) is fixed 

 to the metathorax. The 

 posterior portion of this 

 segment (propodium or 

 median segment) forms 

 the peduncle {Pd) to 

 which the functional 

 abdomen is attached. 

 The legs and wings are 

 discussed under organs 

 of locomotion (p. 154). 



Abdomen. 



The abdomen of the female bees (queens and workers) 

 appears to consist of six segments (Fig. 75) but to this 

 number must be added the modified abdominal segment 

 on the thorax {IT). In 

 the drones, there are ad- 

 ditional segments par- 

 tially visible externally. 

 Snodgrass has figured 

 (Fig. 76) the tip of the 

 abdomen of the worker, 

 showing that the eighth 

 abdominal segment is in- 

 vaginated and the eighth 

 abdominal spiracle opens 

 within the invagination. 



Zander 1 further claims that the quadrate plate (Qd) is a 

 part of the ninth tergum. The anal opening {An) is in a 



' Zander, Enoch, 1899. Beitrage zur Morphologie des Stachelapparatea 

 der Hymenopteren. Zeit. fur wiss. Zoologie, LXVII, pp. 288-333. 



'^mjfC\ 



Fig. 75. 



Lateral view of abdomen of 

 worker. 



