32 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull. 
1890 (Thaxter)}, Oct. 22, 1902, June 24, 1904; Bridgeport, 
Sept., 1902; New Haven, June 23, 1904. 
This is one of the most injurious smuts in this state. It 
occurs early in the season on the young seedlings, many of 
which may be killed outright, thus thinning out the stand ir- 
regularly. It is also found throughout the season, eventually 
doing considerable damage to the bulbs. The smut often be- 
comes established in the soil, which is then rendered unfit for 
raising onions from seed. Sets, however, transplanted in the 
infected soil, suffer little from this trouble. Soil once infected 
remains so for years, and for this reason there is considerable 
land in the onion districts of the state that cannot be used to 
advantage for this crop. Experiments with treating the in- 
fected soil, at time of planting the seed, with various fungi- 
cides, such as formalin, and sulphur mixed with lime, have 
given some favorable results in keeping down the smut. As 
yet, however, such treatment is little practiced by the growers. 
Urocystis Anemones (Pers.) Wint. The sori develop 
in the leaf blades, petioles, and stems, forming conspicuous 
pustules of varying shape and size, and soon disclose dusty, 
black spore masses. The spore balls are irregular, contain’ 
1-5, usually 1-2 spores, and are 22-35, rarely 45y, in length. 
The sterile cells usually incompletely cover the spores, and 
sometimes become separated from them; they are smoky 
brown or yellowish tinted, ovoid to spherical, and about 8-14, 
in length. The spores are reddish brown, irregular, oblong 
or ovoid to polyhedral or subspherical, smooth, and chiefly 
12-17p, rarely 2ou, in length. 
Host and Distr.: Anemone nemorosa, Milford, May, 
189i (Thaxter). 
This smut is found early in the spring, and no doubt has a 
wider distribution and other hosts in the family Ranunculacee 
than that reported here. 
Urocystis occulta (Wallr.) Rab. Figs. 15, 41. The 
sori of this smut are usually confined to the leaves, especially 
the inner side of the leaf sheaths, but occasionally occur in 
the culm or inflorescence; they form linear strize of consider- 
able length, and often are so closely placed that they merge 
into a dusty, reddish black stratum. The spore balls are ob- 
