Valeriana. TALERIANACE.E, 43 



laciniate-pinnatifid ; cauline rarely none, commonlj- 1 to 3 pairs, sessile, and pinnately parted 

 into 3 to 7 liuear or lanceolate divisions, or terminal one spatulati- : flowers jioh gaiiiLMlici'- 

 ticius, yellowish white, sessile iu the cyraules, which form an elongated tlivrsiform naked 

 panicle: fruit ovate, puberulent or glaljrons. — Xutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 48; Gray. I'l. 

 Feudl. 61, & Man. Bot. T'; ciliata, Torr. & Gray, 1. u. Patrinia ceratophyUa , llook.i1. i. 

 290. P. hngifoUa, .Maenab in Edinb. PhU. Jour. xix. — Wet plains and prairies. i.)hio and 

 W. Canada to Brit. Columbia, and south in the mountains of Colorado and Xevada to Xew 

 ilexieo and ,\ri/,ona. Eoot a staple food of the Root-diggers and other Indians. 



* * Erect from creeping or ascending (but not vertical) rootstncks, which emit slender roots, gla- 

 brous or with a little sparse pubescence: leaves thinnish, loosely \eiuy. often wiih scime simple 

 and some divided and margins either entire or dentate on same plant; the radical (nies on tlen- 

 dei- naked petioles; bracts of the cyme slenderly linear-subulate, mostly lin^n>]- than the (usually 

 quite glabrous) fruit: fluwers hermapliroJite, but in the firet species more or less dimorphous ; 

 corolla white to light ruse-cul.n-. 



•1— Tube (if corolla from shorter than the throat and limb to less than twice their length: no sar- 

 mentose radical branches. 



■V. Sylvatica, Banks. Stems from 8 to 30 inches high ; radical leaves mostly simple and 

 ovate to oblong, occasionally some 3-5-foliolate ; cauline more or less jietioled, 3-1 1-foliolate 

 or parted, the divisions entire or rarely few-toothed : fruiting cymes open, at length thvrsoid- 

 pauiculate : corolla 3 lines or iu more fertile form only i lines long ; the tube short : stigma 

 nearly entire. — Richards. App. Frankl. Journ. ed. i. 2; Houk. I'l. i. 291 ; Beck, Bot. 164; 

 Torr. & Gray. Fl. ii. 47 (with var. uUgin'isa, a somewhat pubescent form); Grav, Man. & 

 Bot. Calif, i. 2S7. 1'. dioica, Pursh, Fl. ii. 727. 1". rffo/ca, var. si/lratica. Gray in Proc. 

 Acad. Pliilad. ISi;.!, 63: Watson, But. King Exp. 136. — Wet ground, Xcwfoundland and 

 Hudson's Bay country, south to S. >;ew York, west to Brit. Columbia, and soutliw ard in the 

 mountains to Xew ^lexico and -Vrizona. In S. Utah it occurs with puberulent fruit, as 

 collected by Palmer. 



■ V. Sitctiensis, Boxg. More robust, from thicker and branching ascending rootstocks : 

 leaves larger; cauline short-petioled, only 3-5-foliolate ; the divisions orbicular to oblong- 

 ovate, or in the upper leaves uvate-lanceolate, not rarely dentate or repand (larger 2 or even 

 3 inches long) : cymes contracted : corolla funnelform, 4 lines long (but also a shorter form) : 

 stigma entire. — ^'eg. Sitch. 145; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 43S. T". panrifinra. Hook. Fl. i 292, 

 t. 101 , not Michx. V. copitata, var. Hookeri, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 4S. — Moist woods. Sitdia. 

 British Columbia, and through Washiugtop Territory to S. Idaho and the northern Rocky 

 Mountains. 

 V. capitata, Pall. Stem rather slender from a creeping rootstock. 6 to 20 inches high, 

 \vith long iuteruodes : cauline all sessile (or lowest very short-petioled), only 2 or 3 pairs, all 

 luidivided and entire or few-toothed or some of them 3-parted, mainly ovate or oblong, an 

 inch or two lont; : cyme capituliform or iu fruit open-glomerate : corolla, ic. as of the ]av- 

 ceding, 3 or 4 lines long : stigma 3-lobed. — " Link Jahrb. i. 3, 66," ex Riem. & Schult. ."^yst. 

 ilant. i. 257 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 31)7 ; Hook. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray. 1. c. (excl. var.) ; Ledeb. Ic. 

 PI. Ross. t. 346, & Fl. Ross. ii. 435 : Trautv. Imag. t. 39. — Alaskan coast and Islands, north 

 to Arctic region, first coU. by Paiins. (Adj. Asia to X. Eu.) 



T— -i— Tube of corolla slender, much longer than the throat and limb. 



■'V. Arizonica, Gray. A span or two high from tufted creeping rootstncks. glabrous, no 

 sarmentose branches: leaves somewhat succiJent; radical ovate (inch long), mostly entire 

 and simple, some with one or two pairs of minute lobes on upper part of the rather long and 

 margined petiole; cauline 2 ]iairs. subsessile, .3-,5-parted, lobes oblong to lanceolate: cyme 

 glomerate : corolla half-inch long, tubular, with gradually expanding throat : stigma mi- 

 nut el v 3-cleft. — Proc. Xni. Acad. xix. SI — Arizona, in the mountains near Prescott. Palmer. 

 Santa Catalina !Mouutains. Lemmon. Fruit not seen. 

 V. pauciflora, Micii.x. St.-m l to 3 feet high from a slender creeping rootstock, erect, and 

 with basal sarmentose branches or runners : Iea^"es thin ; radical and lowest cauline cordate 

 and long-petioled, crenate or entire, not rarely with one and sometimes two pairs of small 

 roundish lateral leaflets: upper cauline pinnate, with 3 larger leaflets ovate, one or two 

 lower pairs smaller and more remote, lo\\est near base of petiole : cyme corymbiform and 

 somewhat glomerate, commonly many-flowered (notwithstanding specitic name) : tube of 



