52 COMPOSITiE. 



= Pappus paleaceons-aristiform : leaves opposite. 



14 OARPHOCH^TE. Heads 4-6-flowered. Involucre cylindrical ; the bracts acumi- 

 nate rather few. Receptacle small, naked. Corolla narrow and long, hypocrateriform ; limb 

 5-parted into slender linear-lanceolate lobes. Alienes slender, barely puberulent. Pappus 

 of long linear-subulate erose-denticulate scarious paleie, the thickened costa continued into a 

 barbellulate scabrous awn ; and with 1 to 5 small nearly nerveless muticous pale*. 



^ = Pappus of numerous capillary or stouter bristles, from plumose to barbellulate-sca- 

 brous : anther-tips emarginate or refuse : leaves alternate. 



15 LIATRIS. Heads 4-many-fiowered. Involucre spirally imbricate. Eeceptacle naked. 

 Corolla narrow, with gradually dilated throat and elongated-lanceolate or linear spreading 

 lobes. Akenes'slender or tapering from apex to base, pubescent. Pappus about a single 

 series of firm and mostly equal bristles, from plumose to barbellate. Herbs, with heads in a 

 terminal reversed spike or raceme, sometimes becoming paniculate. 



1 6. G-ARBERIA. Heads about 5-flowered. Involucre imbricate in 5 nearly vertical ranks 

 (3 or 4 in each rank) of somewhat herbaceous acute bracts. Receptacle small, naked. 

 Corollas with slender tube, abruptly cyathiform-ampliate throat, and lanceolate spreading 

 lobes. Akenes, &c. of Liatris. Pappus copious, in two or more series of slender barbellate- 

 scabrous bristles, the outer smaller and shorter. Broad-leaved shrub, with heads corymbosely 

 cymose. 



1 7. CARPHEPHORUS. Heads many-flowered. Involucre campanulate ; the imbricated 

 bracts all appressed. Eeceptacle chaffy ; the chaff subtending the outer flowers, and mostly 

 shorter than they, thin, deciduous with the fruit, tlorolla-lobes ovate or short-lanceolate. 

 Akenes of Liatris. Pappus of one or more series of barbellate or plumose bristles. Herbs, 

 with heads corymbosely cymose. 



++ ++ Little-imbricated involucre of bracts nearly all equal in length : receptacle plane, 

 naked : corolla narrow, with short-ovate or oblong lobes : leaves broad, obscurely or not 

 at all punctate : perennial herbs, fibrous-rooted from a small caudex. 



18. TRILISIA. Heads 5-1 0-flowered. Pappus of rather rigid minutely barbellate bristles, 

 nearly in a single series. Leaves entire ; cauline sessile. Cymules paniculate or somewhat 

 cymose. 



Tribe III. ASTEROIDE^E. Heads either heterogamous and radiate, the ligulate ray- 

 flowers feminine or rarely neutral, or homogamous with the flowers all hermaphrodite 

 and tubular, or rarely the female flowers with filiform corolla and no ligule, or in Bac- 

 rharis dioecious and the female corollas all filiform. Receptacle seldom paleaceous. 

 Corolla of the hermaphrodite flowers regularly 5-lobed, rarely 4-lobed (obscurely pal- 

 mate in Lessmgia). Anthers obtuse and entire or barely emarginate at base. Style- 

 branches of hermaphrodite flowers flattened, conspicuously margined by the stigmatic 

 lines, and extended into a hispid or papillose (sometimes very short) appendage. 

 Pappus various, or sometimes none. Leaves mostly alternate. Disk-flowers usually 

 yellow. — Tribe of nearly 100 genera, the largest being Aster and So/idago. The 

 characteis of the subtribes fail in a few instances, either through absence of the rays, 

 or as to their color. 

 Subtribe I. Homochrome^. Disk wholly of hermaphrodite flowers, of the same color 

 as the ray when that is present, mostly yellow : these corollas tubular with more or 

 less ampliate throat and 4-5-lobed limb. Eeceptacle not chaffy, flat or merely con- 

 vex. Involucre closely imbricated, mostly in sevei^al series. (Flowers white in most 

 species of Lessiivjia : rays often white in fentachceta and in one Sniidago.) 

 # Pappus none, or coroniform or paleaceous, or squamellate, or somewhat setose only in 

 infertile disk-flowers: heads radiate: involucral bracts coriaceous or chartaccous, some- 

 times with herbaceims or greenish tips, the outer successively shorter. ( See also Fenta- 

 chceta. The four following genera are lery close.) 

 19. GYMNOSPERMA. Heads several-flowereil. Involucre ovoid or oblong; its bracts 

 obtuse, concave. l!ece]jt:ulc small. Ligules very small, not surpassing the disk-coroUas. 

 Akenes oblong, slightly compressed, 4-5-ciist:itc, glabrous, destitute of pappus. Heads \ery 

 small and numerous, in glomerate terminal cymes. 



