56 COMPOSITE. 



squameUiE, which are shorter than and concealed by the bristly hairs of the akene. Low 

 annual. 



42. BOLTONIA. Involucre imbricated, appressed ; tlie outer bracts shorter. Style-append- 

 ages short-lanceolate. Akenes obovate, very flat, witli callous or winged margin, glabrous 

 or minutely and sparsely liispiduious. Pappus of several short-setulose squamell*, and usu- 

 ally of 2 (rarely 3 or 4) elongated rigid awns. Leafy-stemmed perennials. 



# * # * Pappus a single series of long awns (or only 2 or 3) or of coarse and rigid bristles, 

 or in the (fertile and conspicuous) ray reduced to squameUaj or palvM : receptacle flat. 



43. TOWNSENDIA. Involucre broad, many-flowered, imbricated ; the bracts lanceolate, 

 with scarioits margins and tips, outer usually shorter and inner more membranaceous. Re- 

 ceptacle broad, merely arcolate. Style-appendages lanceolate. Akenes obovate or oblong, 

 nmch compressed, and with thickish or mostly callous margins, those of the ray sometimes 

 triangular. Awns or bristles of the pappus from hispidulo-scabrous to barbellulate. 



# * * # * Pappus of numerous capillary bristles, at least in the disk, with or without a 

 short setulose or squameUate outer series : receptacle flat or barely convex : akenes mostly 

 compressed. 



-I— Style-appendages of disk-flowers comose-bearded : anthers tipped with slender-subulate 

 appendages, as in Lessingiu : rays neutral. 



44. CORETHROGrYNE. Involucre broad, imbricated ; its bracts with herbaceous or 

 green tips. Receptacle foveolate, rarely with a few chaffy bracts toward the margin. Style- 

 appendages short-lanceolate, dorsally beset with long hispid hairs forming a bearded tuft. 

 Akenes of the ray abortive and with reduced scanty pappus or none ; those of the disk 

 narrow, silky-viUous or pubescent, few-nerved ; their pappus of rather rigid and unequal 

 capillary bristles. 



H— -1— Style-appendages merely hispidulous or piiberulous, not comose. 

 •H- Pappus none or a mere vestige in the ray-flowers : these often sterile but styliferous. 



45. PSIL ACTIS. Involucre hemispherical ; its bracts imbricated in 2 or 3 series, and witli 

 herbaceous tips, or the outer herbaceous. Uavs in a single series, sometimes short. Akenes 

 pubescent, narrow ; those of the ray sometimes with an obscure ring in place of pappus ; 

 those of the disk bearing a single series of soft capillary bristles. Leafy-stemmed annuals. 

 ++ -H- Pappus present and mostly similar in ray and disk: flowers (with rare exceptions) 



all fertile. Genera of difficult limitation. 



46. EREMIASTRUM. Involucre broad, many-flowered, of numerous lax and linear 

 bracts, all as long as the disk and nearly in a single series, herbaceous, with hvaliue-scarious 

 and erose-flmbriate margins, their back setose-hispid. Receptacle broad and flat. Ravs 

 numerous in a single series; lignles broad, their Ijase and tube villons-liarbate. Style-ap- 

 pendages lanceolate. Akenes obovate-oblong, compressed, 2-nerved. Pappus of rather few 

 very unequal and somewhat rigid bristles ; the stronger ones considerably shorter than the 

 disk-corolla and only 8 to 12 ; the smallest and outermost setulose and scarcely longer tlian 

 the hirsute pubescence of the akene, sometimes coiilescent irregularly at base; intermediate 

 ones of various length and more numerous. Depressed winter-annual. 



47. SERICOCARPUS. Involucre several-flowered, narrow, of closely imbricated and 

 appressed whitish and coriaceous or cartilaginous bracts, with green-herbaceous abrupt and 

 looser or spreading tips. lieceptacle small, foveolate. Corollas both of ray aud disk white 

 or cream-color ; the rays seldom over 5 or 6, ratlioi' hroail ; disk-corollas (8 ti) 20) with 5-cleft 

 limb. Style-appendagi's lanceolate-subulate. Akenes narrow, little compressed, 2-uerved, 

 sericeous-pubescent. Pappus of numerous uiie((ual scabrous bristles. Leafy-stemmed 

 perennials. 



48. ASTER. Involucre from hemispherical to canipanulate, sometimes oblong or turbinate, 

 imbricated in several or few series of une(p\al bracts, mostly in part herbaceous. Ravs 

 numerous, not very narrow. Styl<'-iiii]]endages from slen.ler-sidmlate to ovate-acute, com- 

 monly lanceolate. Akenes mostly conqiressed, IO-4-2-uerved, and the pappus mostly simple 

 and copious, rarely distinctly double. Leafy-slemnuMl herbs, the greater ]iart iierennials. 



49. ERIGrERON. Differs from Aster in the more naked-pedunculate ln-ails, simpler in- 

 volucre of narrow and erect equal bracts, which are never cm-iaceous, lujr foliaceons or with 

 distinct herbaceous tips, narrower and usually very numerous rays often occupying more 



