58 COMPOSITE. 



truncate. Akenes (with one or two exceptions) smooth and ffren, small and seed- 

 like, the very thin pericarp destitute of nerves or other markings, conformed to the 

 seed and sometimes connate with the simple seed-coat, or evanescent. Low and floc- 

 cose-woolly annuals. (Characterized to the exclusion of three outlying Indo-African 

 genera.) 



* Akenes gibbous, so that the corolla- and style-liearing true apex is introrsely lateral, 

 enclosed in the compressed and tucuUate mostly indurating bracts or chafi. 

 '54. MICROPUS. Heads several- but hardly many-flowered; female flowers in one or two 

 serie.-; on a small and rarely somewhat elevated receptacle, each enclosed (all but the style) in 

 a coiiduplicate cucuUate herbaceous lanate bract or chaff, only the tip of which is scarious- 

 appendiculate ; the few hermaphrodite-sterile ones in the centre mostly naked. Involucre 

 out.side of the fl(nyer-bearing Ijracts scanty and scarious. Ovary and akene obovate, later- 

 ally compressed, destitute of pappus, remaining enclosed in the usually indurating laterally 

 compressed fructiferous bracts, which sooner or later fall away. Pappus of- the sterile 

 flowers none, or rarely a few caducous bristles. 

 * * Akenes (straight or slightly curved) with the minute epigynous disk at the summit. 



H— Female flowers all bracteate and all destitute of pappus ; 

 ++ The fructiferous bracts enclosing the akenes and deciduous with them, tipped with a 

 hyaline appendage. 



55. STYLOCLINE. Heads ovoid; the boat-shaped fructiferous bracts borne on a slender 

 column or receptacle, their erect hyaline tips usually conspicuous, the involute or saccate- 

 conduplicate body or base embracing the obovate or oblong more or less compressed akene : 

 those subtending the 4 or 5 central hermaplirodite-sterile flowers barely concave or plane. 

 Pappus of the latter flowers a very few caducous bristles or none. 



56. PSILOCARPHUS. Heads globose ; the numerous fructiferous bracts heaped on the 

 globular or oval receptacle, cucuUate-saccate and utricular, half-obovate or half-obcordate in 

 outline, very rounded at to]i, herbaceo-membranaceous, the apex introrse, and the ovate or 

 oblong hyaline appendage inflexed or porrect, or sometimes erect. Akene loose in the com- 

 paratively ample utricular bract, oblong or narrower, straight, shghtlv compressed. Ko 

 bracts and no pappus to the few hermaphrodite-sterile flowers. Leaves mainly opposite ! 



-H- ++ Fructiferous bracts open and merely subtending the (usually numerous) akenes. 



57. EVAX. Akenes from obcompressed to terete, sometimes minutely papillose or puberu- 

 lent. Bracts of the female flowers from scarious to firm-chartaceous, not hyaline-appendaged. 

 Hermaphrodite flowers sometimes fertile, destitute of pajjpus. Ivecejitacie from barely con- 

 vex to subulate. 



-i~ +- Female flowers more or less of two kinds: the upper ones surrounding the her- 

 maphrodites and like them with a capillary pappus ; the others destitute of pappus. 



58. FIL AGO. Receptacle from subulate to olicouical or hemispherical ; its naked summit or 

 centre bearing se\eral or somewhat numerous commonly fertile flowers, ivhich are all pro- 

 vided with a pappus of rather copious cajjiHary bristles ; the few leutral ones hermaphrodite, 

 the others female; the cluster subtended by open suarions bracts; the sides or base of the 

 rece|]tacle beariijg se\eral or numerous female flowers, eacli subtended or its talvous akone 

 loosely enclosed by a concave or boat-shaped bract. Akenes tcrctu or obscurely compressed, 

 sometimes roughish-])apillose. 



Subtribe III. Gnaphalie^e (Verai). Heads discoid, heterogamous and tmdroi^ynous or 

 dicociously homogamous ; the hermaphrodite or staminate flowers when in^the same 

 head much fewer than the female ; the latter with filiform-tubular corolla shorter 

 than the style ; the former with style or style-branches niostlv truncate ; all usually 

 with capillary pappus. No bracts or chaff .m the receptacle bracts of the inv<ilucre 

 numerous, more or less scarious, or with scariovis and often colored or iietaloid sum- 

 mits. Anther-tails slender. Ours floccoso-wuolly herbs, with alternate leaves. 



59. ANTENNARIA. Heads di.ecious, many-flnwered. Involucre pluriseriallv imbricated. 

 Receptacle c<.n^ ex or Hattisli. Male fl..w,.r.s with ni.,stlv m]divided style and a rather scanty 

 pappus of clavcllate or apically barbellulate or cris|,c.l bristles. Female flowers with oblon<r 



