coiiPosiT^. 59 



or narrower and terete or flatfish akenes, and a copious fine-capillarT pappus, the soft 

 and naked bristles of which are commonly united at base, so as to fall in a ring. Low 

 perennials. 



60. ANAPHALIS. Heads dioecious, but usually with a feii hermaphrodite-sterile flowers in 

 the centre of the female heads. Pap|iU- uf male flowers uf bri-tle., little if at all thicker at 

 the apex; of the female flowers not united at base but falling separately, (itherwise as in 

 the preceding ; the female plant differing from the following only in tlie .-terility of the few 

 central flowers. 



61. GNAPHALIUM. Heads heterogamous, fertile throughout, of few or many series of 

 female surrounding a smaller number of hermaphrodite flower-. Involucre pluriseriaUy 

 imijricated ; the scai-ioiis and commonly partly wnuUy bracts i\ith or without colored papery 

 tips or appendages. Style of hermaphrodite flowers j-clelt. Pappus of numerous merely 

 scaljriius capillary bristles, in a .-iiigle :veries. 



Subtribe IT. Euisule.e. Heads heterogamous, with the female ligulate and radiate, 

 and the disk-flowers all liermaphrodite and fertile (or the former sometimes wanting). 

 Receptacle naked, .'-^tyle-branche.- of the latter lijietr, rounded at the apex. Akene.s 

 mostly C'lriaceous. L'ld-world genera, one naturalized. 



62. INULA. Heads many-flowered; the rays numerous. Involucre imbricated, hemispher- 

 ical < )r carapanulate ; outer bracts herbaceutis. Keceittacle flat or nearly so. Akenes more 

 or less 4-5-costate. Pajqms of capillary scabrou.- bristles. Flowers yellow. 



Subtribe T. ADE>;oCArLEJE. Heads heterogamoits, discoid ; both female and her- 

 maphrodite (sterile or fertile) ilowers with tubular more or less am^iliate 4-5-toothed 

 or lobed corollas. Involucre not scarious. Receptacle naked. Akenes eloug.ited, 

 striate or nerved : pappus none. Leaves alternate, partly floccose-woolly. (Here 

 also Caqiiiiitiii, L.) 



63. ADENOCAULON. Heads several-many-flowered; the marginal flower- female; 

 the more numerous central ones hermaphrodite-sterile. Involucre of few thin-herbaceous 

 bract:^. Receptacle tlat, naked. Corollas all somewhat alike ; of the >terile flowers Ijrciadly 

 funnelform and deeply 4-5-cleft ; of the fertUe ones less ampliate, either regularly -1-lobed or 

 (in the ChUian species) bUabiate, the outer lip 3-lobed; the :^tyle of the former undivided, 

 somewhat clavate ; of the latter with short and broad stigmatic branches. Anthers sagittate, 

 and the auricles minutely but evidently caudate, connate. Akenes obovoid-oblong or 

 clavate, verv nbtiise, lightly 4-5-nerved. much exceeding the involucre, the upper part beset 

 ■nith .-tuiit stipitate ( uail-shaped) giauds ; ovary of the sterile flowers inane. Leaves floc- 

 cose-woolly underneath. 



Tribe V. Heliasthoide.e. Heads heterogamous and the female flowers liguLite and 

 radiate, or rarelv with corolla w-anting, and in the latter case some are monoecious : or 

 sometimes homoganious by the absence of the ligulate ray-flowers ; those of the disk 

 all with regularlv 4-.5-toothed tubular corolla. Recei'tarle paleaceous, i. e. with 

 bracts (jjaleo!. chaff) subtending either all the disk-flowers or the mai^inal ones ,,uly, 

 except in the first jul.itrilje and the peculiar unifloroiis or 2-4-locular heads of the 

 third. Anthers at most sagittate, not caudate at base. Style-branches of hermaphro- 

 dite or sterile flowers (or the tmdivided style in some of the latter) truncate or con- 

 tmued into a hairy (from conical to subulate) appendage. Pappus various or none, 

 never of truly capillary bristles. Leaves more commonly opposite, at least the lower 

 ones. — A varied tribe of more than 100 genera. 



.Subtribe I. Milleriejj. Ray-flowers solitary or few and fertile: disk-flowers her- 

 maphrodite-sterile. Receptacle naked. Pappus none. (Artificial group.) 



64. PLTJMMERA. Heads of 2 to 5 ray and 6 or 7 disk-flowers. Involucre obpyramidal, 

 double: the outer composed of mostly 4 ovate-oblong obtuse carinate bracts, which are 

 united to or above the middle into a coriaceous or cartilaginous cupule ; the inner of as 

 many barelv equal cnneate-obovate plane alternating bracts, their rounded summit firm- 

 scariotis. Receptacle flat, naked. Female flowers with a dilated-ctmeate 3-lobed Ugule on a 



