COMPOSITE. 61 



-I- Eay-flowers, or rather their ovaries and alienes, in more than one series, and with elon- 

 gated exserted deciduous hgules ; the akenes falUng free, or with ouly the suhtendmg 

 bract. {Schizomeria of Mexico is of this section, but with fewer ray-flowers.) 



70. SILPHIUM. Heads large, many-flowered. Involucre of thickish more or less foha- 

 ceous imbricated bracts ; the innermost (next to the akenes) small and chaffy. Eeceptacle 

 comparatively small, the central part bearing the sterile flouers some\vhat turbinate in age; 

 its chaffy bracts linear, flat, or involute around the pediciUiform abortive ovaries. Corollas 

 of the ray with a long and spreading ligule on a very slmit tube; of the disk cylindrical- 

 tubular, the teeth very short and thickish. ."^rerile style entire, much elongated in anthesis, 

 hispidulous. Akenes very flat and broad, imbricated in 2 or .3 seriis, completely tree 

 from the subtending bract and from those of adjacent male flowers, surrounded by a winged 

 margin which is produced more or less beyond tlie summit on each side into a cidlous tooth 

 or auricle ; pappus noue or sometimes a pair of short rigid awns or teeth, \rith which the 

 wing is confluently united. 



•^— -1— Ray-flowers and akenes in a single series ; the latter with 2 or 3 bracts of sterile 

 flowers (paleoe of the receptacle) attached to their base on the mner side, which thev 

 take with them, and commonly also tlie subtending involucral bract, when thev fall. 



•w- Heads conspicuously radiate : tlie Hgules plane and exserted, subsessile, yellow, oblong 

 or oval : receptacle flat : its bracts or cliaft, or at least the outer, of rather firm texture and 

 more or less involving their sterUe flowers or inane ovaries. 



71. BERLANDIEE.A. Heads broad, with 5 to 12 radiate fertile and many hermaphrodite- 

 sterile flowers. Involucre hemispherical or broader ; its bracts in about three series : outer- 

 most smaller and more foliaceous ; the succeeding larger and usually dUated-obovate ; 

 innermost thinner, becoming membranaceous or chartaceous and reticulated in age. Disk- 

 corollas, style, lie. as in S'phium. Akene very flat or slightly meniscoidal, obovate. wing- 

 less, not toothed or notched at summit, carinately unicustate down the inner face, with 

 evanescent or obsolete pappus (sometimes two minute and caducous bristly teeth or awns), 

 at the back more or less coherent with the base of the subtending plane involucral bract, at 

 length falling away with it, the ventral face partly covered by the spatulate bracts of the 

 2 or 3 attached sterile flowers. Alternate-leaved perennials, 



72. OHRYSOGONUM. Heads of mostly 5 radiate fertile and rather numerous sterile 

 flowers. Involucre campanulate, double; outer of 5 L.iuse and obovate or spatulate folia- 

 ceous bracts which surpass the disk ; inner of as many small oval firm-membranaceous erect 

 bracts, each subtending a fertile flower. Chaffy bracts of the receptacle thin, linear, the 

 outer broader and partly enclosing as many sterile flowers, Ligiiles oblong : disk-corolLis 

 cylindraceotis, with 5 small spreading teeth. Akene obovate or oval, flat or slightly menis- 

 coidal, ■with acute but wingless margins, one-nerved on the convex back, carinately 1-2- 

 costate on inner face, crowned with a truncate or crenately emarginate semi-cupulate 

 pappus, i. e. tlie crown wanting on the inner side ; the involucral bract with which it falls 

 little larger than its back, and closely applied to but not cohering with it : adjacent sterile 

 bracts less persistent with the akene ihau in the foUomng genus. Low and opposite-leaved 

 perennial. 



73. LINDHEIMERA. Heads of 4 or 5 radiate fertile and rather numerous sterile 

 flowers. Involucre double ; outer of 4 or 5 loose and foliaceous narrow lanceolate bracts ; 

 inner of as many larger ovate-oblong herbaceous bracts, becoming chartaceo-membranaceous, 

 subtending the fertile flowers, Eeceptacle small ; its inner bracts chaffy, narrowly linear 

 and nearly plane ; the outer more herbaceous, spatulate, and enclosing the filiform abortive 

 ovarv, which forms a long pedicel to the subtended sterile flower. Ligules oval or oblong, 

 almost entire : disk-coroDas fuimelform. Akene obovate, flat, shghtly meniscoidal, unicos- 

 tate on the middle of each face (dorsally not adnate to the much larger subtending bract), 

 surrotmded by a cartilaginous entire w-ing, which is confluent at apex with two triangular- 

 subulate rigid teeth or horns : a similar but smaller and naked tooth projecting from the 

 summit of the ventral costa. Erect annual, with sessUe leaves, the upper opposite. 



74. ENGELMANNIA. Heads of S to 10 conspicuously radiate and of many sterile flowers. 

 Involucre hemispherical, somewhat double ; the outer of about 10 rather linear mainly 

 foliaceous bracts in two series, i. e. the outermost smaller and wholly loose and foliaceous, 

 the succeeding similar but -ivith ovate-dUated and appressed corisiceous base ; inner of firm- 



