COMPOSITE. 69 



* * * Bracts of the receptacle distinct, chaffy-memhranaceous or scarions, mostly decidu- 

 ous -nith the fruit: rays fertile, 2^-lobe(l : j.alea- of the pappus firmer, with a thiekish 

 axis aud fimbriate or barbellate margins, or sometimes wanting. 



120. GALINSOGrA. Heads small, with 4 or 5 short rays and rather numerous disk- 

 HL>weis. Involucre broadly campanulate or hemisphericiil, of ovate aud thin nearly equal 

 bracts in two series. Iteceiitacle conical. Di^k-coroUas short, 5-tootbed : style-tips acute. 

 -Vkeiies turbinate, 4-5-aiii;kMl. Pappus of sexeral thiekish obloii;; or obovate palca', with 

 fimbriate-bai-bellate or almost plumose margins or summit, or wauting. Leaves ojjpa-vite, 

 serrate. 



121. BLEPHARIPAPPUS. Heads with 3 to 6 exscrted fertile rays, and 7 to 12 disk- 

 flowers ; the central of these commonly infertile. Bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, 

 erect, nearly equal, in one or two series. Kereptacle convex; the chaff thin or scarimis and 

 narrow. Ray.^ 3-cleft : disk-coroUa.s 5-cleft. Style of fertile di»k-flowers tiliform, 2-rkft at 

 apex only, aud the short branches merely truncate; of the central and infertile one* entire. 

 Akenes turbinate, silky-villons. Papjius of rather numerous narrow linear or aristiform 

 palete, with thiekish axis, and hyaline niar^'ins which are mostly lacerate-fimbriate su as to 

 appear pectinate-jjlumose, sometimes abortive or wanting. 



Subtril'.e YIII. ^Madie.e. Ray-flowers ligulate and fertile (rarely wanting), each sub- 

 tended by a bract of the mostly unisL-iial involucre which partly or completely 

 encloses its akene : disk-flowers hermaphrodite, but some or all of them sterile (.some- 

 times all fertile) ; their style-branches subulate and hispid. Bracts -of the receptacle 

 always present between ray- and disk-flowers, generally none to the central ones. 

 Pappus none (or a mere rudiment or crown) to the ray-akenes, paleaceous or aristi- 

 form or else none to the disk-flowers. Paciflc-Americivn herbs, commonly glaudular- 

 •viscid and heavy -scented : such iu California called Tanceeds. 



* Akenes laterally compressed, those of the ray particularlj- so. and enclosed in condupli- 

 cate-iufolded laterally-compressed iuvolucral bracts. 



122. MADIA. Heads many-several-flowered. Livolucre ovoid or oblong, few-many-angled 

 bv the salient narrow or carinate backs of the iuvolucral bracts. Eece|itacle flat or convex, 

 bearing a single series of bracts enclosing the disk-flowers as a kind of inner iavolucre, 

 either separate or connate into a cup. Piay-flowers 1 to io. with cuneate or oblong 3-lobed 

 ligules; their akenes more or less oblique and with flat sides : disk-llo\\ers with or without a 

 pappus, either sterile or fertile. 



* * Akeues of the rav from obovate or triangular with broad rounded back to clavate- 

 oblono-, more conmionly obcompressed, never laterally compressed with narrow back, 



-1— Arcuate-incurved and obcompressed, completely invested by the whole of the coirformed 

 at length coriaceous iuvolucral bracts. 



123. HEMIZONELLA. Heads few-flowered; the ray-flowers only 4 or 5: disk-flowers 

 solitarv or rarely i2 to 4 ; both fertQe and destitute of pajqins. Involucre as in Vadia § llar- 

 pacarpus, but the 4 or 5 arcuate infolded bracts broad on the back and rather obcom- 

 jiressed : those of the receptacle 3 to 5 and connate into a cup. Liirules minute. Akenes 

 glabrous or sparselr pilose, obovate or somewhat fusiform; of the di^k straight but oblique. 

 Leaves mostly opposite. 



.i_ j_ Eav akenes thick and short, turgid, partly enclosed by the lower part of the iuvolu- 

 cral bratt. 



124. HEMIZONIA. Heads many- or sometimes iew-flowered : bracts of the involucre 

 rounded on the back. Ray-akeues more or less oblique ; those of the disk abortive or in- 

 fertile, or in the later sections some or even most of them fertQe, with or without pappus. 

 Leaves mainly alternate. 



^_ ^_ -i— Ray akenes mostly obcompressed, never laterally compressed, whoUy enclosed in 

 an obcompressed basal portion of the subtending iuvolucral bracts, the dilated margins of 

 which are abruptly infolded. 



125. ACHYRACH.S;NA. Heads many-flowered: ray-flowers 6 to 10, with 3-cleft ligule 

 much shorter than its filiform tube, little surpassing the disk: disk-coroUas slender, 5- 



