74 COMPOSITE. 



thin, half or more scarious-petaloid, plane ; commonly one or more accessory outer bracts. 

 E;i}-flowers 6 to 10 and with oblong exserted ligule 3-cleft at the apex, or none. Disk- 

 corollas with narrow tube and lobes, one or two of the sinuses a little deeper than the others. 

 vSt\-le-branches tlattish, witli subcapitate tips, with ur witlaout a central cusp. Akenes 4-5- 

 angled, tapering from broad summit to attenuate base. Pappus about the length of the 

 akene, of 12 to 20 narrow lanceolate hyaline palete, traversed by a strong costa which is 

 excurrent into a scabrous awn. 



148. HYMENOPAPPUS. Involucre broadly campanulate ; its bracts 6 to 12, equal, obo- 

 vate to broadly oblong, thin, the rounded summit and usually the margins searious-colored 

 or petaloid. liay-flowers none. Disk-flowers numerous, all alike. Corolla with narrow 

 tube, abruptly dilated throat, and ovate reflexed or widely spreading lobes. Style-branches 

 with short and thick conical appendages. Akenes obpyramidal, 4-5-angled, with attenuate 

 base, the faces 1-3-nerved ; the nerves at maturity sometimes as prominent as the angles, 

 except in one species. Pappus of 10 to 20 thin-scarious and mostly hyaline obtuse palete, with 

 or without a costa or central opacity, sometimes very short and small or quite obsolete. 



149. FLORESTINA. Involucre turbinate-campanulate, 15-25-flowered; its bracts 6 to 8 

 in a .single series, equal, obovate-spatulate, thin-herbaceous, with searious-colored (whitish or 

 purplish) rounded tips. Eay-fiowers none. Disk-flowers with corolla widely dilated above 

 the short narrow tube, deeply 5-cleft into oblong spreading lobes. Style-branches terminated 

 by a rather long attenuate-subulate hispid appendage. Akenes narrowly obpyramidal, 4-5- 

 angled, pubescent. Pappus of 6 to 8 obovate pointless palea3, hyaline-scarious from a caUous 

 thickened narrow base or axis. 



150. POLYPTERIS. Involucre from broadly campanulate to turbinate; its bracts from 

 spatulate to linear-lanceolate, commonly in two series and equal, rarely with some accessory 

 shorter ones, the tips or (in the original species) a larger portion membranaceous and col- 

 ored or petaloid. Rays in one species distinctly evolute into a palmate ligule and fertile ; 

 in the others wanting. Corolla of the disk-flowers with filiform tube abruptly dilated into 

 a 5-parted limb, tlie long lobes lorate-linear. Stamens whoUy exserted. Style-branches fili- 

 form, wholly hispidulous, acutish or barely obtuse. Akenes from linear and downwardly 

 attenuate to clavate-obpyramidal, 4-sided, only minutely pubescent. Pappus of 6 to 12 equal 

 paleii;, with a strong percurrent costa, otherwise hyaline-scarious, rarely abortive or wanting ; 

 in the outermost flowers usually shorter. 



^_ H- H_ -I- H_ Involucre many- (or 12-30-) flowered; its bracts linear (rarely broader), 

 erect, equal and similar in a single or hardly in two series, herbaceous to the tip, inclined 

 to embrace subtended akenes : receptacle flat, mostly small : akenes slender, linear-te- 

 tragonal or more compressed, merely pubescent : liead discoid (rarely an inconspicuous 

 hgule) : coroUas with short lobes or teeth and long throat : leaves alternate. 

 ++ Leaves simple, entire : flowers never yellow. 



151. PALAFOXIA. Heads homogamous and flowers all alike, e.xcept in the pappus. In- 

 volucre oblong or campanulate. CoroUa witli tube and narrow lobes shorter tliau the cvliu- 

 draceous throat. Style-branches elongated, filiform and obtuse or obscurely thickened 

 toward the summit, puberulent for the whole length (altogether of the Enpatoriaceous tvpe, 

 but tlie stigmatic hues traceable nearly to the apex). Pappus of 4 to 8 usuaUv unequal 

 paleaj, with strong costa. 



152. RIGIOPAPPUS. Heads heterogamous, inconspicuously radiate. luNolucre turbi- 

 nate-campaimlate, of numerous narrowly linear rather rigid herbaceous bracts which are 

 somewhat mvolute at maturity. Ray-flowers 5 to 15; the corolla with slender tube and 

 oblong entire or 2-toothed ligule, not surpassing the disk. Disk-flowers more numerous; 

 corolla small, with short proper tube, elongated narr,>w throat, and 3 to 5 short erect teeth 

 Anthers included Style-branches with short and linear glabrous stigmatic portion, and a 

 larger slender-subulate hispidulous appendage. Pappus nearly similar in disk and rav of 

 .3 to rigid and wholly opa.jue paleaceous nake.l a^^ns (smooth, flat, gradually tapering from 

 base to apex), rarely obsolete. ■ i a 



++ ++ Leaves mostly cleft or compound: flowers in some species yellow. 



153. CH^NAOTIS Heads homogamous and tubnliflorous ; but the marginal flowers 

 commonly with amphate limb to the coroUa. Involucre campanulate or hemispherical. 



