76 COMPOSIT^E. 



-H- ++ Involucre spreading or soon reflexed, herbaceous, usually with some inconspicuous 

 short scarious interior bracts: akenes turbinate, 8-10-costate: heads mostly radiate : re- 

 ceptacle more or less elevated. 



158. HELENIUM. Bracts of the involucre subulate or linear. Rays fertile or sterile, 

 rarely none. Disk-corollas commonly with short or almost obsolete proper tube (the .stamens 

 inserted close to the base), and 4-.5-toothed limb; the teeth obtuse, glandular-pubescent. 

 Pappus of usually 5 or 6 thin scarious palea;. Leaves commonly impressed-punctate, mostly 

 decurrent. 



159. AMBLYOLEPIS. Principal bracts of the involucre foliaceous, lanceolate; an 

 inner hyaline-scarious series resembling the conspicuous blunt nerveless palete of tlie pap- 

 pus. Piays fertile, ample. Disk-corollas glabrous throughout, and with a distinct tube as 

 long as the ampliate throat, 5-cleft; the loljes lanceolate, attenuate-acute. Akenes broadly 

 turbinate and with 1 thick ribs. Leaves neither jjuuctate nor decurrent. 



-)— -1— Eeceptacle (from convex to globular) beset with setiform or subulate or rarely small 

 dentiform fimbiillas among the flowers. 



160. GrAILLARDIA. Involucre broad; the bracts in 2 or 3 series, all but the short inner 

 series largely foliaceous or herbaceous and lax. Ray-flowers neutral, rarely styliferous and 

 fertile, sometimes none : ligules 3-toothed or 3-cIeft. Disk-corollas with short narrow tube, 

 enlarged cylindraceous throat, and 5 ovate-triangular to subulate teeth or short lol)es, which 

 are beset with jointed hairs. Style-branches with penicillate tuft at summit of the .stig- 

 matic portion, thence produced into a filiform or shorter appendage. Akenes turbinate, 

 5-costate, covered with long villous hairs wbicli sometimes rise only from the base of the 

 akene. Pappus conspicuous, longer than the akene, of 5 to 10 hyaline-scarious palese, with 

 a costa mostly excurrent into an awn, which about equals disk-corollas. 



Subtribe V. Fla verier. Involucre of the small heads composed of a few equal oon- 

 nivent bracts in a single series, sometimes one or two small additional ones at base. 

 Ligules small (little or not at all surpassing disk-flowers), not persistent. Akenes 

 terete, oblong or linear, 8-10-striate-costate. Style-branches truncate. Leaves oppo- 

 site. No oil-glands, nor resinous atoms. 



161. SARTWELLIA. Heads with about 5 ligulate female and rather numerous her- 

 maplirodite tubular flowers. Bracts of the involucre 5, oval or oblong, somewhat fleshy, in 

 fruit somewhat carinate-conca^•e and subtending ray-akenes. Receptacle convex. Ligules 

 mostly entire, obovate or roundish. Disk-corollas narrow, 4-5-toothed. Pappus a deep 

 paleaceous cupule with minutely fimbriolate edge (doubtless composed of 4 or 5 truncate 

 palea; which are completely connate), or of 4 or 5 narrowlv oblong fimbriolate-truncate 

 nerveless palea?, alternating with as many setiform awns, all united only at the base. 



162. FLAVERIA. Heads one-several-flowered; the flowers all fertile, homogamous and 

 tubular, or one female and short-ligulate. Disk-coroDas 5-toothed. Involucre of 2 to 5 

 mostly carinate-concave bracts. Pappus none. 



Subtribe VL Tagetine^. Involucre a series of equal bracts, either distinct or united 

 into a cup or tube, dotted or striped with oil-glan.ls, not rarely subtended or calvcu- 

 late by some loose accessory bracts, several-manv-flolvered." Hays ^Yhen present 

 fertile ; li.^ules not persistent. Akenes mostly narrow aii.l striate. ' Pappus various. 

 — Mostly glabrous and smooth herbs or undershrubs, strong-scented, the herbaoe like 

 the mvoluci-e commonly dotted with some oil-glands. 



* True TAGETixEiE. Style-branches of hermaphn.dite flowers more or less elongated, 

 appendiculate or truncate. 



4- Pappus sinqJcof copious capillary .scabrous bristles: akenes linear; receptacle small, 

 naked and smooth : bracts of the involucre distinct. 



163. POROPHYLLUM. Ray-fl„wers none. Disk-Hnwcrs numerous or several. Involucre 

 Akenes slender ^'^''''"''^^"''^^'^^ ''PP<^'1 ^"f' lo"g lilif>.rm-subulate hispid appendages. 



