rinwnia. COMPOSITE. 89 



bristle. — Proc. Am. Acad. xv. 47. {Erhinophorce affinis Muruma, etc., Pluk. Mant. 66, t. .3s*, 

 %. 6 ?) E. scaler, .Aliclix. Fl. in part; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. c, not L. E. nudkau'us. EIL 

 in herb. Hook., not of .Sk. 1. c — Low and sandy wootUands, Delaware (Canbij) to (.,e..rgia, 

 "\\'. Louisiana, and Arkansas [Harvey). 



3. VERNONIA, Schreli. Iron-weed. (Wm. T>/-/io;!. an early collector 

 in Vii-ginia, &c.) — Perennial lierb.5 (or some in the tropics t-Lrubs) ; with alter- 

 nate and pinnately-veined leaves, and usually purple or rose-colored flowers, 

 occasionally varying to white. — Geii. 541; DC. Prodr. v. 15; Torr. ct (uav, 

 Fl. ii. 57 ; Ecnth. et IL.ok.. Gen. ii. 227. — A hui;'e irenus. of nearlv 400 species, 

 the greater part .S. American, some .S. African and .S. A-ian ; the X. American 

 species all of the section Lepidaplua. Benth. ct Hook. 1. c. {Ltyidaphin. &c., Ca^-.), 

 having somewhat spherical heads in terminal cymes or terminating; corymljiform 

 branches. Ours all many-flowered; the (fuscous or even ferru<riiious) pappus 

 persistent or nearly so, and double ; akenes commonly sprinkled or beset with 

 re-sinous atoms between the salient ribs : foliage often puncticulate. Fl. late 

 summer and autumn. The species are extremely difficult : there are spontaneous 

 hybrids between such very different species as T' ArhansaiKt and V Baldiciidi, 

 V. fasciculata and V. Baldwinii, and even between V. Baldv:iaii and V. Lind- 

 heimen .' 



* Stems leafy throughout; short outer pappus conspicuous, and squamellate rather than setose. 

 •^— Heads large, sometimes an inch high, 50-70-flowered. 

 sV. Arkansana, DC. Tall (s or lO feet), rather glabrous: leaves all linear-lanceolate 

 (4 to 12 inches long and lines wide), attenuate-acuminate, runcinately denticuLite : heads all 

 on simple and .somewhat clavate peduncles, nearly hemispherical : involucre green, verv 

 snuarrijse ; its bracts all equalling the disk, and with long filiform tips (those of the upper 

 reddisli), the outer and loose ones filiform nearly or quite to the base: akenes minutely 

 hispid on the ribs. — Prodr. vii. 264 ; Xntt. in Trans. Am. I'bil. Soc n. ser. rii. 2S.3 ; Torr. & 

 Gray, Fl. ii. 59; Torr. (n Sitgreaves Exped. t. 2. ^Plains and alluvial banks of streams, 

 ^Missouri and Kansas to E. Texas. 



-J— -i— Heads smaller, half-inch high or less, 1.5— 40-flowered, rarely only 10-flowered. 

 -H- Leaves slightly or not at all scabrous, and without revolute margins, most of them acutely den- 

 ticulate or serrate with rigid or somewhat spinulose teeth, varying from linear-lanceolate to 

 oblong-ovate, acuminate or very acute, pinuately veined: stems leafy up to the iutlorescence ; 

 cymes mostly compound. (Species not clearly limited.) 



= Akenes under a lens more or less hispidulous on the ribs. 



V. Noveboracensis, AVilld. .Someivhat glabrous or pubescent, 3 to 6 feet high : leaves 

 from elongated- to oblong-lanceolate (3 to 9 inches long) : heads in an open cyme, 20-40- 

 fiowered : involucre commonlv brownish or dark purplish ; the ovate and ovate-lanceolate 

 bracts (or at least the upper ones) abruptly acuminate into a slender cusp or slender tortuous 

 awn, usually some of the lower wholly aristiform and loose. — SpiT. iii. 1632; DC. Prodr. 

 V. 63 ; Torr. £ Gray, Fl. ii. 57. Sn-rntnln Xorehoracensis (founded on Herm. Farad. Bot., 

 & Dm. Elth. 355, t. 263) and .s'. I'r.ralta (in herb, and of DiU. Elth. t. 264, Ijracts more 

 aristate than the figure sh'.nvs), L. .Spec. ii. 818. V. prtealta, Less in Linn. iv. 264 ; Hook. 

 Fl. i. 304. V. tomentosa, Ell. Sk. ii. 288 {Chrysocoma (omeniosa, "Walt. Car. 196), a form 

 with tomentulose pubescence. A'aries with pale or sometimes white instead .of pink-purple 

 corollas, the involucre then greenish. — Low grounds, coast of New England to Georgia, 

 west to Wisconsin and Missouri, but mostly an eastern species. 



' Var. latif olia. Lov er. 2 to 5 feet high : lea\'es oblong-ovate or broadly lanceolate, 

 pale or glaucescent beneath, the larger more coarsely serrate : head> fewer : involucre vary- 

 ing from hemispherical (of fewer bracts) to somewhat turbinate, and its bracts merely acute, 

 acuminate, mucronate, or some with a short filiform cusp. — 'ifrratula glauca, L. I. c, founded 

 on Dill. Elth. 354, t. 262; the specimen has many aristate-tipped bracts. Vernonia glauca 

 (and nearly . F. praalta), WiUd. Spec. iii. 1633. F. ot-o/i/bKa, Torr. & Gray, 1. c; Chapm. 



