90 COMPOSITE. 



Vernonia. 



M. 187, extreme form, mostly with muticous inyolucral bracts. —In shady places, Penn. and 

 Ohio to Florida. 

 'V Baldwinii Tore. Tomentnlose, 2 to 5 feet high: leaves oblong- or ovate-lanceolate: 

 involucre (a quarter-inch high) when young globose, hoary-tomentose, greenish, squarrose 

 by the spreading or recurved acute or acuminate tips of its bracts. — Ann, Lye. Iv. \ . u. -11 ; 

 Torr. & Grav, 1. c. F. sp/u.rvnlca, Xutt. in Trans. Am. Phil, Soc. 1. c. - Prairies and barren 

 hills, E. Missouri to Texas ; flowering early, in July and August. Passes into the next. 

 V altissima, Nutt. Nearly glabrous, or sometimes cinereous-pubescent, 5 to 10 feet high: 

 leaves thinnish, veiny, obscurely if at all puncticulate, lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong : cyme 

 usuaUy loose or open: involucre of wholly appressed obtuse or merely mucronate-acute 

 bracts : ribs of the akenes minutely or sparsely hispidulous, — Gen. ii. 134 : Ell. Sk. n. 289 ; 

 Less, in Linn. vi. 639, partly. V. prwalla, Michx. 1. c, partly; DC. 1. c, parlly. T . fasctcu- 

 lata, var., Torr. & Gray, El. ii. 59 ; Chapm. El. 188. Chrymcoma girjantea, Walt. 1. c. Varies 

 much, especially in the size of the heads : the form pareiflora, with involucre only 2 or 3 

 lines high and 'rather pauciseriate, being NuttaU's original. — Low or wet grounds, W. 

 Penn. to Illinois, Louisiana and Florida. 



Var. grandiflora. Less tall : heads larger : involucre mostly 4 hnes high ; the bracts 

 35 to 40 and in more numerous ranks. — Nutt. in Herb. Acad. Philad. — Low prairies and 

 along streams, Illinois and Kentucky to Texas. 



= = Akenes smooth and glabrous on the ribs, or nearly so: bracts of the involucre all closely 

 appressed and inappendiculate, coriaceo-chartaceous. 

 V. fasciculata, Miciix. Glabrous, or the cyme puberulent, 2 to 5 feet high: leaves thick- 

 ish, when dry puncticulate, from Unear (and with obscure veins or veinlets) to oblong- 

 lanceolate (and more evidently veined), conspicuously spinulose-denticulate : heads numerous 

 and crowded on the branches of the compound cyme : involucre (3 or 4 lines high) 20-30- 

 flowered; its bracts all obtuse, or some of the uppermost abruptly mucronate-acute. — 

 El. ii. 94 : Torr. & Gray, 1. c, excl. vars. V. conjmbosa, Schweinitz, in Keating, Narr. Long 

 Exped. iUssiss., the form with broad and short leaves. V. altissima, DC. 1. c. partly, & excl. 

 syn. Dill., &c. — Low grounds, prairies and river-bottoms, Ohio and Kentucky to Dakota 

 and south to Texas. 



++ ++ Leaves perfectly glabrous and smooth, veinless, commonly entire, narrowly linear, plane: 

 heads narrow, few-flowered. 

 ~V. Lettermani, Exgelm. Ilaliit of the preceding, 2 to 4 feet high, fastigiately and 

 cymoselv much branched at summit : leaves 3 or 4 inches long, only a line wide, the margins 

 not revolute : heads numerous, pedunculate, clavate-cylindraceous, 10-14-flowered, half-inch 

 long: bracts of the involucre all appressed and inappendiculate, but acute or acuminate; 

 outermost ovate-subulate, innermost narrowly lameolate and purple : ribs of the glandular 

 akenes obscurely scabrous. — Proc, Am. Acad. xvi. 78. — Arkansas, on Cooper's Creek, 

 Biijiliiir. Cira\elly banks and sand-bars of the Washita, Litlcnnun. 

 V. Jamesii, Torr. & Gr.vy. Glabrous or nearly so, a foot or two high : leaves Hnear- 

 lanceolate or linear, like those of narrowest forms of V. fasciculata, but smaller and less or 

 obsoletely denticulate ; veins and ■veinlets obscure : heads few or numerous in a louse and 

 open corymbiform cyme, all pedunculate : involucre (4 or 5 lines high) 15-25-flowered, from 

 hemisplierical-campauulate to turbinate-oblong ; its bracts all or mostly obtuse, or (in the 

 larger form of involucre) acute or acuminate. — Fl. 1. c. ; Gray, PI. A\'riglit. i. 82. V. attis- 

 sima, var. manjliiata, Torr. Ann. Lye. K. Y. ii. 210. — Plains of Nebraska and Arkansas to 

 W. Texas and Iv New Jlexico, first coll. by iJr. James. 



+^ -i-h +-i- Leaves with upper face scabrous and margins often revolute, then entire, not canescent. 

 =-V. angustifolia, Micnx. Stem a foot to a yard high, slender, from roughish-hirsute to 

 nearly glalirous: leaves from narrowly line;ir or approacliing filiform to lancenlate, the 

 broader ones sp.arsely denticulate and also veiny : cyme loose, simiile or compound, sometimes 

 paniculate, sometimes umliclliform, mostly naked: heads 15-25-flowcved : involucre about 

 3 lines high, commonly somewhat turbinate; its l>racts or most of them mucri>nate, some- 

 times cuspidate-acuminate : akenes minutely hirsute, at least on the ribs. — Fl. ii. '.I4 ; Ell. 

 Sk. ii. 87 ; Torr, & Gray, 1. c. PI fasrirulala, DC. 1, c, not Miclix. Chrysocoma graniini- 

 folia, Walt. Car. 196. i^inlris nmhillala, Bertol. ftU.sc. v. t. 4. — Dry pine barrens, N. Caro- 

 lina to Florida, Arkansas, and Texas. 



