Aplo2)appus. COMPOSITE. 225 



t. 10. Centauridium Drnmmondii , Torr. & Gray. Fl. ii. 246; Grav, PI. Lindh. ii. 223 

 Marharanlhera grandiflora, Buckley in Pr.jc. Acad. Pliilad. It^Gl, 456. — Open woods, Te.xas^ 

 Beiiandier, Drunmond, Liiidheimer, &c. ; fl. all summer. 



30. APLOPAPPUS, Cass. ('A-a-Xoos, 77a7r-os, simple pappus.) — A large 

 American -eiius (chiefly "W. X(.)rth American and Chilian) the analogue of Aster 

 in the heterochromous division and equally pol3-morphous ; mostly herbaceous 

 pereunials some suffruticose or even shrubby, a few annual : the flowers all 

 3-"ellow, produced in summer and autumn. — Diet. Ivi. ICs. I-lajjIi'jjaji/im & Eri- 

 catneria, Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 2.3.3. 2.55. — Note that one or two species 

 occasionally and certain species uniformly want the ray-flowers, obliteratiiiu' the 

 distinction between this genus and the followini;- ! 



§ 1. Prioxui'SIs. Gray. Heads very large and broad: involucre depressed- 

 hemi^pherical, of lanceolate acuminate bracts, the outer mostly foliaceous and 

 spreading: rays very numerous: di^k-corollas narrow, merely .5-tontlied: st\ie- 

 appendages short and rather obtuse : akenes very glabrous ; those of the rav 

 short, turgid-elliptical ; of the disk oblong or narrower, and the central ones 

 inane : pappus of very rigid and unequal bristles and comparatively little nu- 

 merous ; the innermost and larger ones somewhat flattened toward the base and 

 their margins scabrous-ciliolate ; the outermost very small and short : root annual 

 or biennial. — PI. Wright, i. '.ts. Prionopsis. Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. S(jc. 

 n. ser. vii. 329. — (Connects with Xanthisma and has the foliage of Griaddla.) 



~A. ciliatus, DC. Very glabrous: stem 2 to 5 feet high, hearing few or several somewhat 

 cyinose-clnstered heads (with the disk an inch in diameter), e(juably leafy to the top : leaves 

 oval or the lower ohovate (1 to 3 inches long), very obtuse, veinv, evenlv and somewhat 

 pectinately dentate ivith bristle-pointed teetli : pappus of the fertile akenes disposed to he 

 deciduous in a ring. — Prodr. v. 346; Gray, PI. ^Vright. i. 98. Donia cilinta, Suit. Jour. 

 Acad. Philad. ii. US; Hook. Exot. Fl. i. t- 45. Prionopsis ciliala, Xutt. 1. c; Torr. & 

 Gray, Fl. ii. 245. — Hillsides and river-banks, ilissuuri and Kansas to Texas. 



§ 2. Aplopappus proper. Heads large or middle-ized. or sometimes small, 



commonly broad and with involucre of flrm well-imbricated or rigid bracts : rays 



numerous, several, or rarely wanting : disk-corollas narrow, mereh' .>toothed ; 



style-appendages from ovate to linear-subulate : pappus commonlj- fuscous or 



rufous, and more or less rigid. (Hal.iit and special characters various, but the 



groups too confluent and indefinite for iirst-class sections.) 



* Hpads rnvle^s: bracts of the involucre rigid, appressed-imbricate with the outer successively 

 shorter, all with abrupt and more or less spreading- herbaceoiLS tips : style-appendages ovate- or 

 oblong-lanceolate: pajipus rather rigid: leaves coriaceous, mostly oblong and spinuln-e-dentate. 

 — Aplopappus § Aphiili^iui. Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 242. excl. the tirst species, which is § Aph flis- 

 cm, DC. § Bapludiscus k Enocarpaa, Beutli. & Hook. 1. c. — (One of the transitions to Bi(;e- 

 lovia § Aplodisctis.) 



A ■ aqtiarrosus, Hook. & .\.en. Suffruticose, 2 or 3 feet high, somewhat pubescent, gland- 

 ular and glutinous : leaves tliickly dentate (about inch longl : heads numerous and spicately 

 thyrsoid ar the end of tlie br.inclies, half-inch long : involucre elongated-turbinate ; its bracts 

 imbricated in many ranks, the lower usually imbricated on tlie peduncle, their tips mostly 

 squarrose and glandular: akenes fusiform, glabrous, or sparsely pubescent. — But. Beech. 

 146; Torr. ^ ^^ray, Fl. ii. 242. Pyn-ocoma gniidelioides, DC. Prodr. >. 350. Bomopappns 

 sqnarrosus, Xutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Sue. 1. t. 3.32. — Dry hills on the coast of California, from 

 !JIonterey to San Diego : first coU. by Douglas. Also on the foot-hills of the San Bernardino 

 ^L itmtains, Parish, &c. 



A . Nuttallii, ToKR. & Geat, 1. c. Herbaceous from a ligneous stock, a span to a foot 

 high : leaves from spatulateoblong to almost lanceolate, rather sparsely pectinately dentate : 



