126 COMPOSITE. Aplopappus. 



heads few terminating the branches, one-third inch high : involucre hemispherical ; the 

 bracts fewer-ranked and with slightly spreading greenish tips : akenes .sliort, sericeous- 

 canescent. — Eriocarpuin grindeliuides, Nntt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. 321. — Rocky Moun- 

 tains and adjacent plains, north to Idaho and Saskatchewan, south to New Mexico and 

 Arizona; first coll. by NnttalL 



* # Heads radiate, with rays not rarely neutral or sterile, or in one species commonly discoidal 

 by the diminution of theligules: involucre well imbricated, of firm texture, the bracts either 

 coriaceous with herbaceous tips or coriaceo-foliaceous : akenes (with two exceptions) glabrous 

 and narrow: pappus capillar}' but rigid: style-appendages long and slender, acute or acutish : 

 perennials, rigid-leaved. — § Pyrrocoma, Gray, PI. Wright, i. 98. Pyrrocumii & Homopappus, 

 in part, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 330, 333. 

 -1— Shrubby: rays conspicuous but sterile: appendage of the slender style-branches of the length 

 and breadth of the stigmatic portion: akenes verj' glabrous, narrow, compressed, 4-nei-ved. 



A. Berberidis. Suffruticose, a foot or two high : flowering branches somewhat virgate, 

 when young tomentose-pubescent, equably leafy, bearing numerous and racemose or some- 

 times solitary heads : leaves oval, very obtuse, spinulosely and evenly multidentate, half- 

 clasping by an abrupt somewhat adnate base (half to full inch long), coriaceous, with 

 conspicuous midrib but obscure veins : involucre broadly turbinate ; its bracts numerous, in 

 successively shorter ranks, broadly linear or outermost oblong, smooth, all with very obtuse 

 and short rather appressed green tips : rays numerous, a quarter to nearly half an inch long, 

 seldom styliferous: pappus merely sordid. — All Saints Bay, Lower California, so near that 

 it may be expected within the U. S. border, Purr//, Miss Fis/i. 



•t— -i— Herbaceous: style-appendages from subulate-filiform to narrowly' subulate, much longer 

 than the stigmatic portion. 



-H- Heads large and discoid, the sterile rays being hardly appai'ent or very small for the ^ize of 

 the head (when styliferous the style-branches sometimes tipped with a hispid appendage!): 

 akenes completely glabrous and smooth, slender but flattish, 4-costate or nerved, often finely 

 striate: rigid leaves commonly spatulate or lanceolate, on the same plant either entire or sparseh' 

 spinulose-toothed. — Pyrrocoma^ Hook. 



Jl. carthamoldes, Ghat. Commonly a foot high, rather stout and leafy, scabro-puberu- 

 Ien.t when young, becoming smooth, bearing a S(ditary terminal large head and sometimes 

 one or two in axils : leaves from spatulate to oblong or lanceolate : involucre hemispherical, 

 half to three-fourths inch high, often leafy -subtended at liase; its proper bracts coriaceous- 

 rigid, from oblong to broadly lanceolate or innermost linear, more or less s("irious-margined, 

 most of them tipped with an abrupt mucro or cusp, the outer commonly loose and becoming 

 leaf-like, either entire or spinulose-denticulate : rays almost always present and rather 

 numerous; but their ligules inconspicuous, being short, involute, and concealed in the at 

 length rufous or fulvous pappus. — Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 65. Piprocuma carthamoides, 

 Hook. Fl. i. 306, t. 107; Torr. & Gray, PI. ii. 243. — Dry plains and' hills, Oregon, "Wash- 

 ington Terr., and Idaho; first coll. by Douglas. Polymorphous species : the extremes are 



Var. maximus. Pobust, leafy, sometimes 2 feet high: radical leaves obovate or 

 oval, 3 to 7 inches long; cauline oblong, with partly clasping base : heads ample, in fruit an 

 inch high and broad : involucre of very numerous and broad or broadish bracts : rays some- 

 times more evolute, but small. — Pyrrocoma radinta, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. vSoc. vii. 333; 

 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Of the same district, first coll. by Nattntl. 



Var. Cusickii. Smaller: stems only a span or two high, ascending, few-leaved: 

 leaves mostly spatulate-lanceolate : head three-fourths to nearly inch high in fruit, but nar- 

 row and much fewer-flowered : bracts of the involucre correspondinglv fewer, lanceolate, 

 mostly acute or acuminate. — Union Co., Oregon, flowering earlier (in June), Cusick. Per- 

 haps a distinct species, but appears to pass into the smaller forms of the type. 

 ■H- ++ Heads middle-sized to small, evidently radiate; the exserted rays often infertile but 



styliferous: plants comparatively slender and more capituliterous. 

 = Pubescence either cottony-tomentose and deciduous or none: leaves firm-coriaceous or rigid; 



cauline and mostly the radical lanceolate, tlie former disposed to be sparse or small at' the 



upper part of stem: akenes or ovaries not rarely with some villous pubescence. — Ilunwpappus, 



Nutt., excl. II. unijlorus. 



A. raoemosus, Tore. Stems usually virgate and simple, rigid, a foot or two high, leafy : 

 leaves lanceolate or radical, sometimes oblong-spatulate (4 to 6 inches long, tapering into a 



