128 COMPOSIT.E. Aplopappus. 



striate : pappus rigidulons, rufous. — Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 354, & Bot. Calif, i. 312. Sierra 

 Nevada, California, at 8,500 to 9,000 feet, in open woods, Souora Pass, Bolunder, and on 

 bleak summits in Siskiyou Co., Gretne, Pnngle. Involucre rather of the Eraameria section. 



* * # Heads conspicuously radiate, large and showy : rays fertile, very numerous, half-inch to 

 inch long: invokicre well imbricated, of nunieroua oblong to lanceolate firm bracts: alsenes 

 (and ovaries) wholly gbibrous, flat and rather broad: pappus pale: style-appendages broadish, 

 oblong to lanceolate, shorter or not longer than the stiginatic portion: wholly herbaceous peren- 

 nials, smooth and glabrous, except some sott-villous pubescence or tomentum when young; 

 leaves coriaceous, entire. 



-I— Stems equably and very leafy up to the sessile or subsessile heads. 

 ,c=. A. Premonti, Gray. A foot or less high, from slender lignescent rootstocks, simple or 

 fastigiately branched above : leaves lanceolate (2 to 4 inches long, 3 to 8 lines wide), ob- 

 scurely 3-5-nerved ; lower narrowed and upper partly clasping at base : involucre (inch or 

 less high) broadly campanulate; its bracts broadly lanceolate, conspicuously and often 

 cuspidately acuminate : rays lialf-inch long ■ style-appendages ovate-oblong, obtuse ■ akenes 

 obovate, striate-nerved, almost as long as the rigid pappus. — Proc. Acad. Pliilad. 1863, 65 ; 

 Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorad. 67, Pi/irocoma foliosa, Giay in Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, 

 v. 109. — Plains and rocky hills, Colorado, common on the Arkansas from Pueblo upward; 

 first coll. by Fremont. 



Var. Wardi. Dwarf : fascicled stems only a span high : leaves proportionally small, 

 linear-lanceolate, destitute of lateral nerves ; heads one-half smaller, 2 or 3 in a terminal 

 glomerule : akenes double the length of the scanty pappus. — Wyoming (probably in south- 

 western part), L. F. Ward. 



-!^ H^ Stems simple, solitary or several from a thick caudex, above with decreasiqg or sparse 

 leaves and solitary or few naked and usually pedunculate heads, at base a tuft of ample lanceo- 

 late- or spatulate-oblong radical leaves (in tlie manner of the preceding and succeeding sub- 

 divisions); involucre hemispherical or broader; rays 30 to 50. 



^■"■"'"A. croceus, Gray. Stem stout and erect, commonly a foot or two high, and with radical 

 leaves a foot or less long (including the petiole) . cauline leaves ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 

 partly clasping (upper an inch or t^vo long) : head mostly solitary; involucre a full inch in 

 diameter ; its bracts ovate to spatulate-oblong, very obtuse, lax, inner with scarious erose- 

 denticulate margins ; rays saffrou-yelloiv, sometimes iuch long ; akenes narrowly oblong, 

 nearly the length of tlie pappus. — Proc. Acad. I'iiilad. 1. c. — Rocky Mountains of Colorado, 

 especially in Middle Park, first coll. by Parry. A dwarf form in N. Arizona, Rushy. 

 A. integrifolius, T. C. Poetek. Stems several from the caudex, .ascending, a foot or less 

 high : radical leaves 3 to 8 inclies (including sliort petiole or tapering base) , cauline lanceo- 

 late, or small uppermost linear: heads solitary or 2 or 3 in axils, smaller than in foregoing; 

 ' involncral bracts narrowly oblong to linciir-lanceolate, some loose outer ones usually equalling 

 the disk and more foliaceous; rays bright yellow, lialf-inch long; immature akenes oblong. 

 — (!r;ry, Proc. Am. Acad. xvi. 79. — Mountain meadows, Wyoming and Jlontana, Burke (in 

 berl). Hook.), J. i\J. Coulter, Walson, Caiil)y. \'erges to the larger-flowered form of the next 

 species. 



* # * * Heads conspicuously radiate, smaller; r.iys fertile, half to barely quarter incli long; 

 akenes turbinate or oblong, silky-pubescent or villous: style-ap|K'iula^;;cs from ovate to subulate, 

 shorter or rarely longer than the stigmatic portion. (Here A. Wliitmiii might be sought.) 



-I- Perennial herbs, with mostly simple stems and a -uft of radical leaves from a thickened 

 somewliat fusiform caudex: leaves coriaceous and when dry i-igid, entire or spinulose-serrate, 

 the cauline diminished upward: heads solitary or rather few, pediniculate: invohicre hemi- 

 spherical or broader, of firm and herbiiceous-tipped or foliaceous bracts : rays 20 to 50: pappus 

 pale or merely sordid, rather soft and fine: herbage more or less ilocculeut-tomentose when 

 young, glabrate in age and smooth. — § Arnicella, forr. & Gray, partly of Benth. & Hook. 

 A. uniflorus, Tore. & Gray. Stems a span to lurely a foof high, ascending or erect, 

 sometimes 5-6-leaved, sometimes rather scjipiform or u|iper leaves reilucod andbract-like, 

 bearing a solitary head, rarely one or two from lower axils : Icun es lanceolate or sometimes 

 ^ broader ; radical 2 or 3 inches long and usuiilly petioloil : involucre commonly half-inch high 

 and the linear or oblong-linear bracts :i,ll of same length, rather loose, outer all foliaceous ; 

 rays in larger heads 40 or 50. — ^. uniflorus & A. inuloldes, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 241. Dimia 

 unlflora, llo.jk. PI. ii. 25, t. 124. Uomopuppus inuloldes, Nutt. 'l\aus, Aiii. Phil. Soc. 1. c. 333, 



