144 COMPOSITE. Solidago. 



S. eecuevAta, Willd., and S. LfviDA, Willd. (Enura. 889 & 491), described from cultivated 

 plants, are referred to under S. ccesia, L., p. 145, 



S. litiiospermif6lia, Willd. Enum. 891, referred to under S. semperrireiis, L., was prob- 

 ably derived from that, under cultivation beeoming pubesL'ent and duller green. But witliout 

 the transitions as seen in <S'. iiiteyrijhlin, J3esf., this would seem improbable. 

 - S. i'OEYme6sa, Poir. Suppl. v. 461 (not EIJ.), is only the European S. Virqaurea, L. 



.S. imANiirrLbRA, Desf. Cat. ed. 3, 403, of unlcnown source, is evidently a tall cultivated state 

 of the Italian S. liUoralis, Sax i. 



S. fiiscAta, Desf. 1. c. 402. Glabrous and very smooth (the inflorescence barely puberulent) ; 

 stem 3 or 4 feet high, witli numerous ascending purplish branches, very leafy : leaves oblong- 

 lanceolate, acute at both ends or acuminate, entire, or the lower (3 or 4 inches long) with a few 

 minute and obscure teeth, of somewhat firm texture, and minutely reticulated inconspicuous 

 venation, a pair or two of primary veins more evident : heads hardly 3 lines long, numerous in 

 a narrow or virgate thyrsus, not secund: bracts of the involucre rather broad (outer oblong) 

 and obtuse : rays 6 to 8, short : young akenes puberulent. — Of unknown source ; cult, in Paris 

 Garden from 1828. Habit somewhat of S. puherulu. 



Of species founded on indigenous specimens there remains wholly obscure only the fol- 

 lowing : — 



S. PArrirL6EA, Raf. in Med. Rep. (hex. 2), v. 359. "Stem simple, smooth: leaves oblong- 

 lanceolate, acute, entire ; flowers 1 to 5, terminal. — Gloucester Co., New Jersey, and Kent Co., 

 Delaware," liajinesque. ,Not to be identified. 



§ 1. ViRGACTKEA, DC. {Virga-aurea, Tourn.) Receptacle of the head alveo- 

 late : rays commonly fewer or not more numerous than disk-flowers : herbs. 



* Involucre stjuarrose, the bracts having herbaceous I'ecurving or spreading tips (3'et occasionally 

 erect in all the species) : general inflorescence tbyrsiform or reversed racemiform-paniculate, 

 not unilateral: leaves pinnately veined, from ovate to lanceolate; the lower ones commonly peti- 

 oled, and acutely more or less serrate; the upper often entire. ( Clirysastrum, Torr. & Gray.) — 

 SQUAiiiiosa::. 



-I— Rays none: ovaries hirsute: bristles of the pappus unequal, all with clavellate tips. 



■ S. discoidea, Toee. & Gray. Pubescent or hirsute, somewhat cinereous : stem branching 

 above : lower leaves ovate, coarsely serrate, on slender and margined petioles, 3 inches long : 

 upper small, often entire, oval or oblong ; heads (3 or 4 lines long) rather scattered in the 

 racemiform thyrsus, 10-20-flowered : disk-corollas deeply 5-cleft : pappus often tinged with 

 purple. — El. ii. 195. Aster 1 discoideus, Ell. Sk. ii. 358. — Dry soil, Georgia to Florida and 

 Louisiana ; first coll. by Elliott. 



■i- -i— Rays present and conspicuous, rather numerous: bristles of the pappus not evidently 

 clavellate-thickened : akeues glabrous or nearly so. 



S. squarrosa, Muhl. Green, pubescent or glabrate: stem stout and simple, 2 to 5 feet 

 high : lower leaves ovate or oblong, 6 to 10 inches long ; heads (5 or 6 lines long) numerous 

 and crowded at least on the lower branches of the (foot or two long) leafy thyrsus : green 



- squarrose tips of the involucral bracts short and broad, obtuse or abruptly acute. — Cat. 79 ; 

 Nutt. Gen. ii. 161 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. & conferHflora, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 102 • 

 Hook. El. ii. 4, not DC. — Rocky soil. New Brunswick and Canada to Ohio and u])per part 

 of Virginia. 



S. petiolaris, Ait. Puberulent or pubescent with fine short hairs, somewhat pale or 

 cinereous : stem slender, a foot to a yard high : leaves comparatively small, elliptical-oblong 

 to broadly lanceolate, scabrous-ciliate ; the lower 2 inches or so in length, serrate Avith a few 

 coarse teeth toward the apex, narrowed at base, obscurely or sometimes distinctly and abruptly 

 short-petioled, mostly glabrous or glabrate above, minutely hairv at least along the veins be- 

 neath ; upper smaller, sessile, entire ; heads (3 to 5 lines long) loosclv or smnetimes more com- 

 pactly disposed in a narrow or irregular thyrsus : involucral bracts narrow and acute ; the 

 outer green or with green tips, and more or less squarrose ; inner ones appressed. — Ait Kcw. 

 ui. 216 ; Smith in Rees Cycl. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 203, not Muhl., Ell., or Less. S. er^cta, 

 Nutt. Gen. n. 161. S. data? Ell. Sk. ii. 389. S. squarrosa, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 

 vii. 102, not Xntt, Gen., nor Mulil. S. petiolaris, var. sqnarrulosa, Torr. & Gray, 1. c — Dry 



