230 COMPOSITE. Evax. 



the five central hermaphrodite flowers shorter and broad, very woolly, involute 

 around the lower half of the flower ; all at length deciduous : hermaphrodite 

 flowers also fertile, with funnelform 4-toothed corolla and linear-oblong obtuse 

 style-branches : receptacle hemispherical : akenes of both kinds of flowers very 

 smooth, obovate-oblong, obscurely obcompressed, the terminal areola larger and 

 more evident, at least in the perfect flowers: heads small, axillary. — Galynir 

 mandra, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 262. 



E. Candida. A span or two high, slender, and with commonly simple branches, silvery 

 white throughout with appressed wool; heads usually few in a foliose-involucrate cluster 

 and sessile or nearly so in the axils of the spatulate or lanceolate leaves. — Calymmandra 

 Candida, Torr. & Gray, 1. ^., & Pacif. B. Rep. ii. t. 2. Diaperia Candida, Benth. & Hook. 

 Gen. ii. 298. — Alluvial or sandy ground, E. Texas, Drummond, Berlandier, Wriglit, &a., and 

 in the northwestern part of the State, Pope, 



58. FILiAGO, Tourn. (Fihim, a thread, in allusion to the cottony wool.) 



— Low annuals, mainly of the Old World, mostly erect and with the habit of the 

 preceding. Ours have no pappus to the outer flowers. — DC. Prodr. vi. 247 ; 

 Benth. & Hook. Gen. 299. 



§ 1. Receptacle subulate ; its pluriserial and well-imbricated bracts merely 

 concave, subtending the loose akenes. — Gifola, Cass. 



F. GermAitica, L. (Cotton-Eose, Heeba Impia of the old herbalists.) A span to a foot 

 high, erect, thickly beset witli lanceolate commonly erect leaves, terminated by a capituli- 

 form globose glomerule of many heads, wlience proceed a similar branch or branches, as if 

 proliferous : heads ovate-oblong ; its bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. — Fl. Dan. t. 2787. 

 — Dry fields. New York to Virginia. (Kat. from Eu.) 



§ 2. Receptacle somewhat obconical or convex ; its deeply concave or boat- 

 shaped fructiferous bracts rather few, more or less enclosing the somewhat oblique 

 akenes, loose or stellately spreading at maturity : glomerules smaller and looser. 



— Oglifa, Cass. (The iudigenous Pacific American species are peculiar, as con- 

 necting with Stylocline and Mlcropus.) 



. P. Californica, Nutt. Erect, leafy throughout, a span or two high, with the habit of 

 F. arvensis : heads ovate, somewhat angular : bracteate female flowers 8 to 10; their bracts 

 (or all but the innermost) broadly ovate and deeply boat-shaped, somewhat arcuate-incurved, 

 very woolly, not herbaceous on the back, with a broadisli and obtuse liyaliue tip ; inner bracts 

 oblong, merely concave, nearly glabrous : akenes narrowly oblong, almost terete, minutely 

 and obscurely papillose-granular : pappus of the upper female and hermaphrodite flowers 

 copious, of the embraced akenes none. — Nutt. Trans. Am. Pliil. Soc. 1. c. 405, with var. 

 tomentosa. F. Californica & F. parvula, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 432. Gmiphaliinn filaffinoides, 

 Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. 359. — Open ground throughout California and to S. Utah. 

 F. depressa, Gkat. ];)iffusely branched from the root, depressed-spreading: internodes 

 all short, even the lower little longer than the glomerules of the oblong-ovate heads ; brac- 

 teate female flowers 5 or G ; their Ijracts narrower and straighter, somewhat herbaceous 

 on the back : akenes obovate, smooth, sometimes the uppermost bracteate ones also ivith 

 pappus. — Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 3. — San Bernardino Co., S. California, in the desert at 

 Hot Springs, Parry, Parish. 



P. Arizonioa, Gray. Diffuse or at first erect, with widely spreading branches; the pro- 

 liferous ones of elongated filiform internodes, widely separating the glomerules : bi-acteate 

 female flowers 10 to 15; their bracts of firmer texture, ovate, open on tlie face: akenes 

 clavate-oblong and arcuate, very smooth. — Pror. i\m. Acad. viii. 052. —Arizona to San 

 Diego Co., California, aud Lower California, Smart, Parry, &c. 

 — . F. GAllica, L., forming the section LofiFiA {f.opJia suhidala, Cass, ; characterized by the 



low and nearly plane receptacle, pentag(jnal-conical heads, about two-ranked female flowers, 



