TetragowAheca. COMPOSIT.E. 255 



Torr. & Gray, 1. c, excl. vars. ; Jteehan, Xat. Tlowers, ser. 2, ii. 42. Duj,h:l,r,l,i,„,n Mi- 

 antlioides, L. Hort. Ups., & Spec. ii. 904; Michx. 1"1. ii, 1.30; L'Her. Stirp. t. 45. Silpluum 

 Miantholdes, L. Si,f-c. ii. 9^0, pi. Gronov. .S'. soUdayinoides, L. Spec. 1. c. Rudlxcica oppositi- 

 foVia, L. Spoc. 1. c. 907, pi. Gronov. Htlianthus twcis, L. Spec. ed. 2, 127s, extl >vu. Gronov., 

 Avbi^.-h is IJf'dens chri/santkemoides. Selepta grand/flora, &c., Raf. Xc-og. — l/rv or moist 

 ground, Canada to Florida. 



H. SCabra, Di-x.^l. Hispidulous-.?cabrous, especiaUv the leaves, 2 to 4 feet high : leaves 

 from broadly ovate and subcordate to ovate-lanceolate, the upper occasionally entire : ravs 

 oblong, nearly or quite an inch in length : akenes smooth, but the angles above pubescent 

 when young, tlie summit usually bearing an obscure or evident and irregular coroniform 

 chaffy pappus, or sometimes 2 or 3 conspicuous and rigid teeth ! Otherivise as in tlie fore- 

 going, into which it may pass. — Mem. Mus. 1. c. 56, t. 4; Hook. Fl. i. 310: 1)0. Prodr. 

 V. 5.50. excl. syn. II. canescens, Don. 27. Itevis, var. scabra, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 303. — 

 AV. New York to Saskatchewan, Missouri, and ^Vrkansas. 



H. gracilis, Xutt. Slender, a foot or two high : leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate (2 or 

 3 inches long), and with somewhat cuneate base, hispidulous-scabrous or almost smooth : 

 heads very much smaller, barely 3 or 4 lines high, and the fewer (5 to 10) rays 5 to .S lines 

 long: akenes of//, scabra. — Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. vii. 353. H. lavis, var. minor. 

 Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 98. //. bri-is, var. rjraciUs, Torr. & Gray, Tl. ii. 303. — Bry and 

 shaded groiLid, Georgia and W. Tlorida to Louisiana and Arkansas, Gates & Jewett, Drum- 

 mond, C'liliss, &c. 



H. parvifolia, Gray. Slender, a foot or two high, from cinereous-pubemlent and some- 

 what scabrous to nearly glabrous and green : leaves deltoid-lanceolate or rhomboid-lanceolate 

 or approaching deltoid-ovate, irregularly dentate with few or several teeth, or some entire, 

 an inch or two long : head barely half-inch high : rays oval or oblong, half or two-thirrls 

 inch long: akenes glabrous but dull and rugulose-scabrous, the summit evenlv truncate. — 

 PI. Wright, ii. 86; Eothr. in "Wheeler Rep. vi. 159. //. huphthalmoides. Gray in Bot. ilex. 

 Bound. 88, not Duual. — Cauons and beds of streams, Arizona, Wrojiii, Thurber, fcc. (Lower 

 Cal. &adj. Mex.) 



BUPHTH.4LiiofDEs, Dunal, of Mcxico and S. America, and H. .4xxua, Hemsley (which 



may be the //. canescens, HBK., that being said to have an annual root, as has Parry & 



Palmer's no. 431), have puberulent or papUlose-pubescent akenes. 



87. TETRAGONOTHECA, Dill. (Terpayoivos, four-angled, 6:,k,j. case, 

 i. 6. involucre.) — Erect perennial herl)s, all X. American, with .striate stems; 

 the leaves all opposite, mostly sessile or connate-amplexicaul, thinnish, dentate 

 or sinuate-pinnatifid ; heads rather lurjre. on slender peduncles terminating the 

 stem or branches ; both disk- and ray-corollas liglit yellow, nervose (the ligules 

 5 to lO-nerved, and the u.sual .5 nerves of the throat of the disk-corollas not 

 rarely doubled), marcescent and persisting almost to the maturit}- of the akenes. 

 Fl. summer. — Dill. Elth. ii. .378. t. 2s;i ; Linn.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 307. 

 Tetragonotheca & Halea, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 303, 304. 



§ 1. Akenes verv thick, obscurely 4-sided or almost terete, wholly destitute of 

 papj)us : tube of the corolla villous below : stem simple : involucre very saliently 

 4-angled in the bud. 



T. lieliantlioides, L. A'illous with somewhat viscid hairs : stem a foot or two high : leaves 

 ovate or rhomboid-oblong, closely sessile by a narrow base, dentate, 4 to 6 inches long : lobes 

 of the involucre and 6 to 9 rays about an inch long. — Spec. ii. 903 ; DC. Prodr. v. 552 ; 

 Torr. & Gray, I. c. Pnl imnia Tetragonotheca, L. Sy^t, ; Abbot, Ins. & PI. Georg. ii. t. 69; 

 Schkuhr, Handb. t 263. Silphium Tetragonotheca, Gffirtu. Fruct. t. 171. — Dry ground, 

 Virginia to Florida. 



§ 2. ,Vkenes distinctly 4:-sided and the sides striate (somewhat pubescent), 

 moderately narrowed from the truncate summit to base : pappus plurlsquamellate 



