■^''-'"^^'-''o- COMPOSIT-E. 391 



S. aureus, L. Very early glabrate, usually quite free from wool at flowering (in sprin^ or 

 early summer) and a foot or two high from small rootstncks: rajical leaves mostly rounded 

 and undivided, and cauline lanceolate and pinnatifid or laciuiate : most polvmorphous species, 

 of which the typical form is bright green, 1 to 3 feet high, surculo^e by slender rootstocks; 

 leaves thin ; principal radical ones roundish, cordate or truncate at base,"erenate-dentate (I to 

 3 inches in diameter), on long slender petioles ; lower cauline similar, with 2 or 3 lobelets on 

 the petiole, or lyrately divided or lobed; others more laciniate-piunatifid and lol.es often 

 incised ; uppermost sparse and small, with closely sessile or auriculate-dilated inci.^ed base : 

 heads ratlier numerous, 4 or 5 lines high r rays s"to 12, couspicuous, rarelv wanting : akenes 

 quite glabrous. — Spec. ii. 870 ; Michx. Fl. ii. 820; Ell. Sk. ii. 331 ; DC. Prodr. vi. 4.'52 ; Torr. 

 & Gray, Fl. ii. 442 ; Sjjrague, AVild Flowers, 77, t. 1.5, the normal form. ,S. gracilis, Pursh, 

 Fl. ii. 529; DC. 1. c, a slender or depauperate form. S. fastigiatus, Schwein. in Ell. 1. c. 



— Swamps and wet banks, usually in shaded ground, Newfoundland to Florida, Texas, and 

 to Brit. Columbia and the Sierra Nevada, California. 



■■*■ Vax. obovatus, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Eadical leaves of thicker texture, rotund with 

 abrujit or truncate base, or obovate and cimeate-contracted into a sliort margined petiole, or 

 the earliest in the rosulate tufts almost sessile and humifuse : otiierwise as in the typical 

 form.— .S'. obovatus, iluhl. in TTilld. Spec. iii. 1999; Pursh, 1. c. ; Ell. 1. l. ."i. Elliottii, 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 443, a form witli tlie early radical leave? more plantagineous and very 

 short-petioled. ^ ilore open and moist grounds, Canada to Indiana and Georgia, in the upper 

 country, characteristically developed southward. 



^ Var. Balsamitse, Tokr. & Gray, 1. c. Less glabrate, not rarely holding more or 

 less wool until fruiting : depauperate stems a span or two, larger fully 2 feet high : principal 

 or earliest radical leaves oblong, sometimes oval, commonly verging to lanceolate, inch or 

 two long, serrate, contracted into slender petioles ; the succeeding lyrately pinnatifid : heads 

 usually rather small and numerous : akenes almost always hispidulous-pubescent on the 

 angles. — S. Bahamitce, Muhl. 1. c. ; Pursh, 1. v. ,S'. Plattensis, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 

 1. c. 413, a robust and larger-leaved western form, verging toward .i'. tomentosus. S. aureus, 

 var. lanceolatus, Oakes in Hovey's Mag., & Torr. & Gray, 1. c, an attenuated form of this, or 

 of the type, growing in shady swamps. .S'. pauperculus, Michx. Fl. il. 120, depauperate form. 



— Rocky or nearly dry ground, Canada to Texas, and northwestward to Brit. Columbia. 

 Var. compactus. A span or two high, in close tufts, rather rigid, when young 



whitened with fine tomeutum, glabrate in age : radical leaves oblanceolate or atteiiiiate-spat- 

 ulate, entire or 3-toothed at apex, or pinuatifid-dentate, an inch or more long, thick and firm 

 at maturity ; cauline lanceolate or linear, entire or pinnatifid ; heads rather numerous aud 

 crowded in the cyme, rather small : ovaries papillose-hispidulous on the angles. — .^'. aureus, 

 var. borenlis. Gray, PI. AVriglit. i. 125, & Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 68, iu part. — N. W. 

 Texas ( Wrii/lit} to the base of the mountains iu Colorado, Hall & Harbour, Greene, &.c, ; 

 mostly iu saline soil. 



'"^^ Var. borealis, Torr. &, Gray, 1. c. A foot down to a span high, at summit bearing 

 either numerous or few heads ; these not rarely rayless : leaves thickish ; radical from round- 

 ish with abrupt or even truncate base to cuneate-obovate and cnneate-spatulate, half-inch to 

 inch long, slender-petioled ; cauline seldom much pinnatifid : akenes glabrous. — S'. elonqatus, 

 pauciflorus, & Ci/mbalaria? Pursh, Fl. ii. 529, 530. S. aureus, var. foliosus, &.C., Hook. 1. c. 

 jS. aureus, var. borealis & var. discoideus, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. .?. ojmbatarioides & .S'. debilis, 

 N"utt. Trans. Am. PhU. Soc. 1. c. 408, 412. — Labrador to Brit. Columbia, Oregon, the high 

 Sierra Nevada in California, and mountains of Nevada, Utah, and Colorado, where are forms 

 nndistinguishable from the following. 



'^^ Var. croceus, Gray. A span to a foot or two high, glabrous or early glabrate : 

 leaves somewhat succulent ; radical oblong to roundish, sometimes lyrate ; cauline very 

 various : heads usually numerous in the cyme : flowers safiron-colored or orange, at least the 

 rays, or these sometimes wanting. — Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 68; Porter & Coulter, FL 

 Colorad. 82 ; Eaton. Bot. King Exp. 190, & .S'. Fendleri of the same .S'. aureus, var. multi- 

 lobatus. Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 411, in part. — Wet ground, high mountains of Colorado, Utah, 

 Kevada, north to Montana, and sparingly in the Sierra Nevada ; first coll. by Parry, &c. 



Var. subnudus. WhoUy glabrous or glabrate, slender, a span or two high, bearing 

 2 or 3 small cauline leaves and a solitary head, or not rarely a pair : radical leaves few, 

 spatulate or obovate, sometimes roundish, half-inch or less long, occasionally lyrate : cauline 

 incised or sparingly pinnatifid : rays conspicuous. — S. subnudus, DC. Prodr. vi. 428 ; Nutt. 



