Cnicvj;. COMPOSITJE. 397 



&c. ; Herder, PI. Radd. iii. 36. S. arujustifoUa, DC. 1. e. S. monticola, Richard.?. App. 

 Frank. Journ. ed. 2, 29. S. multlflura, Richards. \. c., ed. 1. — Mackenzie River to Arctic 

 coa-;t and Kotzebuc Sound. (En., X. A.■^ia.) 



Var. Ledeboiiri. More glabrate : leaves from sinuately or laciniate-dentate to 

 entire: involucre looser; its bracts moiitly attenuate-acuminate, less unequal, or the onter- 

 mo-it prolonged to the height of the inner ; chaff of the receptacle either .~jjar-e or wanting. — 

 .S. alpina. Hook. Tl. i. 30-3, in part. .<. Ltdehoun, Herder, 1. c. 41. .S. subsinuata, nuda, & 

 Tilesii, Ledeb. le. Fl. Alt. t. 60, 61, IJ2. ?. subsinuata, Seem. Bot. Herald, "j'>, t. 7. .V. acumi- 

 nata, Turcz. in DC. 1. c. 636, exactly 6', nuda, Ledeb. 1. c. — Xorthern Rocky ilonntains in 

 the alpine region to Kotzebue Sound and Alaskan islands ; in this country the commoner 

 form and manifestly passing into .s. alpina. (.Vdj. A-sia.) 

 ■ S. Americana, E.itox. Tall, 2 or 3 feet high, leafy, lightly arachnoid when young, soon 

 glabrate, bearing numerous corymbosely cymose lieail~ : leaves membranaceous, denticulate 

 or dentate, ovate and oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate; radical and lower cauline sub- 

 cordate and on slender margined petioles (4 inches long); upper sessile. with acute base; 

 uppermost lanceolate : lieaJs half to three-fourths inch long : involucre cyliudraceons or 

 somewhat turbinate, pubescent, 10-17-ilowered ; its bracts thin-coriaceous, 5-6-ranked, all 

 pointless and obtuse ; outer successively sliorter, ovate : corollas " dark blue '' or " purple " : 

 receptacle bearing more or less copious setiform chaff ["naked" according to Eaton]. 

 — Eot. Gazette, vi. 283. — ^Mountains of Eastern r*regon, Casich. and Simi-ije Mountains, 

 AVaihington Terr., T. J. Ilowell. Related to the W. .Asiatic S. lutiftjUa, Ledeb., and •>. 

 grandijUia, Maxim., especially to the latter, which has an equally copious outer pappus. 



196. ARCTIUM, L. Burdock. ("ApK-ro?. a bear, from the rougli invo- 

 lucre ?i — Coarse and rank biennials, of the Old TVorld, unarmed, exie-pt tlie 

 hooked tips of the involucral bracts forming tlie bur; with large and roundish 

 mostlr cordate leaves, the lower on stout petioles, and middle-sized heails of pink 

 or purplish flowers, in summer. — Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 4iJG. Lappa. Tourn., 

 Juss.. Gcertn., DC, &c. 



> A. Lappa, L. Plant 3 to 5 feet high, with somewhat cvmosely disposed heads : leaves mostly 

 green and glabrous above, whitish with cottony down beneath : in the larger form, var. 

 31.4-7 L's {Lappa major, Gtertn., Arttium majus, Schkuhr), the bur an inch or more in diameter, 

 its bracts all spreading and glabrous or nearly so. — Common in waste or manured ground, 

 near dwellings. (X'at. from Eu.) 



Var. TOMEXTO-uM {A. Burdamx, "Willd., Lappa tomentosa, Lam.), a more woolly form ; 

 with bracts of involucre cottoDv-webbed. — Rare in X. America. 



, Var. Mixes (A. minus, Schkuhr, L,appa minor, D(_'.), with smaller and only slightly 



webby heads ; these more paniculate, and innermost bracts or awns of the bur erect. Varies 

 with laciniate leaves. — Xot uncommon. AH the forms are vile weeds. 



197. CABDUUS, Tourn., L.. partly. PLriiELESS Thistle. (Ancient 

 Latin name of Thistle.) — Old "World genus, one species locally naturalized. 



C. xtJtaxs, L. (Ml-sk Thistle.) Biennial, 1 to 3 feet high, green: stem sinuately and 

 interruptedly winjed : head solitary, nodding: corollas crimson-purple. —Fl. Dan. 675; 

 Reichenb. Ic. Germ. 877. — i.)n the Susquehanna near Harrisburg, Penn. (Xat. from Eu.) 

 C. CRi'srrs, C. ACAXTHofDES, and C. pycxocephali. -, L., occasionally appear as ballast- 

 weeds or waifs at seaports. 



C. pectixAtus, L. Mant. 279, grown in the Upsal Garden, from unknown sonrce, said by 

 ■Willdenow to come from Pennsylvanian seeds, but doubtless not American, is referred by 

 Sprengel to C. defloratus. 



198. CNlCUS, Tourn., L., partly. Plttmed Thistle. (Latin name of 

 Safilower, chancred from kv7iko<;, of Dioscorirtes. applied by the herbalists and 

 early botanists to Thistles.) — Stout herbs (of the northern hemisphere) ; with 

 sessile leaves, commonly with prickly teeth and tips, and large or middle-sized 



