Hieradum. COMPOSITE. 425 



* * Stem leafy to the top (a foot to a yard high), bearing short-pedunculate broad heads ; invo- 

 lucre half-inch high, or sometimes .-mailer: no stolons or running rootstocks: no cluster of 

 leaves at base of the developed stems; cauline leaves all closely sessile : receptacle conspicuously 

 iimbrillate-dentate: ligules not ciliate. 



H. umbellatuni, L. A foot or two high, strict, bearing a few somewhat umbellately dis- 

 jjiised beads: lea\es narrowly or sometimes broadly lanceolate, nearly entire, spiirsely den- 

 ticulate, occasionally laciniate-dentate, all narrow at base : involucre usually livid, glabrous 

 or nearly so; outermost bracts loose or spreading. — Fl. Dan. t. 680; i'J. Lond. vi. t. 58; 

 Richards. App. Frankl. Journ. ed. 2, 29 % in part ; Fries, 1. c. H. Canadense, var. ampisli- 

 f ilium, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 476, in part. H. macmnthum, Xutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 

 446. H. ri(/i(lum9 Fries in Epicr. 1.34. —N. shore of Lake Superior to the liocky Jloun- 

 tains, and northward. (Kamtschatka, N. Asia, Eu.) 



-H. Canadense, llicnx. Taller, robust, with corymbosely or paniculately cymose heads: 

 leaves from lanceolate to ovate-oblong, acute, sparsely and acutely dentate or even laciniate, 

 at least the upper partly clasping and broad or broadish at base : involucre usually pubes- 

 cent when young, glabrate, occasionally glandular ; the narrow outermost bracts loose : pap- 

 pus sordid. — Fl. ii. 86; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. H. virgatum, fasriculatum, & macrophijllum, 

 Pur.sh, Fl. ii. 504. H. Kalmii, Spreug. Syst. iii. 646; Bigel. Fl. Bost. ; Torr. Compend.,&c., 

 not L. H. scabriusculum, Schwein. App. Long Exp. II. prenanlhoicles. Hook. Fl. i. 300, not 

 Vill. n. helianthifolinm, Frcelich in DC. 1. c. 225. H. corijmhosum, Fries, Symb. Hier. 185, 

 as to pi. Kewfoundl. t also //. auratum, Fries, 1 c. 181, & Epicr. 124; these being thin-leaved 

 forms of shady places. — Open woods in dry soil, Newfoundland 1 and Xew England to I'enn., 

 north to the JIackenzie Eiver, west to Oregon and Brit. Columbia, northwardly passing into 

 H. umbellatum. (Greenland, X. Eu., if also H. crocatum, Fries.) 



§ 3. Stenothbca, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. IiiToIucre a series of equal bracts 

 and a few short calyculate ones, usually narrow and few-many-flowered : pappus 

 of more or less scanty equal bristles : akenes in a few species slender or tapering 

 to the summit. (Xame therefore more applicable to the involucre than to the 

 akenes.) — Fries, 1. c. Stenotheca, Monnier, Ess. Hierac. 71, there restricted to 

 species with attenuate akenes. Species of Pilosella, Schultz Bip. in Flora, 18G2, 

 433-440. 



# Atlantic species, all yellow-flowered and with sordid pappus. 

 ^— Akenes columnar, at maturity not at all attenuate upward: panicle not virgate. 



++ He ids 15-20-flowered, narrow, effusely paniculate, on divergent or divaricate slender pedicels : 

 stem leaf}', sometimes almost leafless in depauperate plants. 

 H. paniculatum, L. Slender, l to 3 feet high, usually leafy up to the sparse compound 

 panicle, nearly smooth and glabrous (except some villosity at base of stem), not glandular: 

 leaves thin, lanceolate or broader, tapering to both ends, sparingly denticulate or salient- 

 dentate : peduncles and pedicels filiform, an inch or more long: involucre 3 or 4 lines long, 

 of 8 to 14 narrow principal bracts. — Spec. ii. 802; :\Iichx. Fl. ii. 86; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 

 478. — Open dry woods, Canada and Xew England to upper parts of Georgia and Alabama. 

 H. venosum, var. caiilescens, Arvet-Touvet, and S. Sullivantii, Arvet-Touvet, Spicil. Hier. 

 (1881), 11, are seemingly depauperate forms of this. 



++ ++ Heads 15-40-flowered, narrow-campanulate or oblong, on erect or ascending slender pedi- 

 cels, in a naked and very loose corymbiform-paniculate cyme. 

 ' H. venosum L. (Rattlesx.ike-weed.) Slender : stem leafless from a depressed radical 

 rosette, or 1-2-leaved above it, a foot or two high, glabrous or nearly so, branching above 

 into a lax corymbiform cyme of few or se\eral heads : leaves obovate to spatulate-oblong, 

 mostly denticulate, subsessile, commonly purple-veined and sparsely setose-\ illous : involucre 

 4 lines long, 15-35-flowered (or even only 12-flowered), of 10 to 14 principal bracts and very 

 few bractlets, either glabrous or with the peduncles beset with some small glaudular hairs : 

 akenes short,' strictly columnar, even when young. — Spec. ii. 800 (founded on the sj-n., but 

 the "scapo crassissimo" of Gronovius unaccountable) ; Willd. Spec. iii. 1570; Torr. &Gray, 

 1. c. ■ Fries 1. c. //. Gronovii, L. 1. c. 802, as to herb. & descr. (but not the Gronovian plant) ; 

 Willd. 1. e. ■ Michx. 1. c, in part, the var. subcaulescens, Torr. & Gray, 1. e. //. subnudum, 



