426 COMPOSITjE, Uieradum. 



Proel. in DC. vii. 218, chiefly. Stenotheca venosa, Monnier, Ess. Hier. 72. — 025en pine 

 wood.s and sandy barrens, Canada and Saslcatcliewan to Georgia and Kentucky. 

 H. Marianum, Willd. Larger, 2 or 3 feet high, few-several-leaved, pilose-hirsute below, 

 branching at summit into a very open cymose panicle of several or numerous 20-4.3-flo\vered 

 heads : leaves obovate-oblong with tapering base ; radical erect or ascending, attenuate below 

 into petioles, rarely at all purplish-veiny : peduncles and pedicels commonly minutely whitish- 

 tomentulose, al.^o usually the base of the involucre, at least when young, and beset witli few 

 and sparse or more copious glandular bristles : akenes slender-columuar, with tapering sum- 

 mit when forming, but not so at maturity. — Spec. iii. 1572, partly ( & as to syn. JI. Marianum, 

 &c., Pluk. Mant. 102, t. 420, f. 2, whence the name); Froel. in DC. Prodr. vii. 217. H. 

 Gronovii, var. subnudum, in part, & some of H. scabrum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 447. //. Caro- 

 linianum, Fries, Symb. Hier. 14,'5, & Epicr. 151. H. Rufjdii, Arvet-Touvet, Spicil. Hier. 

 (1881), 11, by the char. — Dry and open woods and clearings. New England to Penn. and 

 Georgia. Various forms almost fill the interval between the preceding and the following 

 species. 



-H- ++ ++ Heads 40-50-flowered, tbickish (and the tumid-campanulate involucre 4 or 5 lines high), 

 on shorter and rather rigid spreading pedicels, and somewhat crowded in a convex or barely 

 flat-topped cyme ; no rosulate tuft of radical leaves at flowering time. 



H. scabrum, Michx. Robust, 2 or 3 feet high, mostly leafy up to the inflorescence, hir- 

 sutely hispid below, glandular-hispid above : whole inflorescence and mostly base of invo- 

 lucre densely beset with dark glandular bristles and with some fine grayish tomentum : 

 leai'es obovate to spatulate-obloug, obtuse, denticulate, pubescent or hirsute, sessile by a 

 narrow base : akenes exactly columnar. — Fl. ii. 86 ; Pursli, Fl. ii. 504 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 

 476 ; Fries, 1. c. //. Marianum, Willd. 1. c, in part (as to one specimen) ; Bigel. Fl. Bost. 

 ed. 2, 288; Ell. Sk. ii. 263. — Dry open woods, Canada to Lake Superior, Missouri, and to 

 Georgia. 



-I— -I— Alienes fu.5iform or with tapering summit: heads 15-30-flowered, on short and ascending 

 pedicels disposed in a narrow thj'rsiform or almost virgate panicle; glandular-bristly hairs on 

 peduncles and cylnidraceous involucre either scanty or numerous; radical leaves generally 

 present at flowering time, and destitute of colored veins, oblong-obovate, all more or less long- 

 pilose or setiferous, e.specially along the midrib beneath. 



H. Gronovii, L. Stem strict, 1 to 3 feet high, leafy (3-12-leaved) below, continued nearly 

 through the virgate or thyrsiform panicle : pubescence mainly soft-setose, the stronger bristles 

 from papilla; : cauline leaves oval or oblong, closely sessile mostly by a broad base ; lowest 

 and radical obovate or spatulate with attenuate base or short petiole : involucre 3 or 4 lines 

 long, 1 5-20-flowered : akenes fusiform, with gradually tapering beak-like summit: pappus 

 dirty whitish. — Spec. ii. 802, as to pi. Gronov. (excl. remarks and pi. herb., which are of 

 //. renosiim] ; Michx. Fl. (var foliosum) ; Monnier, E.ss. Hier. 30; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 677, 

 not of A^'illd., Frcel. in DC, &c. //. Marianum, Fries, Sjaub. Hier. 147, & Epicr. 152, not 

 Willd., except perhaps in small part. Stenotheca Mariana, Monnier, 1. c. 72 ? S. siibmida, 

 Monnier, 1. c. t. 2, f. 5; depauperate form (var. subnudum, Torr. & Gray), with narrow pani- 

 cle reduced to a few heads. 11. Gronovii, var. hirsutissimum, Torr. &, Gray, 1. c, is the most 

 setose-hirsute form, -svith narrow panicle a foot or more long : and from that character, either 

 this or the next must be //. Pennsijlvanicum, Fries, Symb. Hier. 150, & Epicr. 156; yet the 

 akenes described are like those of //. Mnriamnn, Willd. — Sandy ground, and open dry 

 woods, Canada f to Florida, Missouri, and Louisiana. 

 *H. longipilum, Torr. Stouter, leafy to near the middle of the stem, and with linear- 

 lanceolate or subulate bracts up to the narrow panicle : pnl.cscence mainly setose and most 

 abundant; the bristles from a small papilla, upright, commonly halt-inch to even an inch 

 long, fulvous or rufous, denticubite : leaves spatulate-oblong or upper lanceolate, thicki.-^h 

 the radical commonly present in a tuft at flowering time: involucre 5 or G lines long, 20-30- 

 flowered, oblong-campauulate, and with short peduncles more or less tomentulose as well 

 as glandular: akenes fusiform, but much less tajiering upward than in the preceding: 

 pappus at maturity fuscous. — Plook. Fl. i. 298 (note) ; Torr. & ( irav, Fl. ii. 477 ; Fries, 1. c. 

 //. Imrbalum, Nutt, Jour. Acad. I'hilad. vii. 70, & Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 446, not Taiisch. 

 — Open woods and prixiries, Michigan to Nebraska and Tex;rs. 



C Var. spathulatum (/'//.«<//„ sjiatludala, Scimltz Bip. in Flora, 1S02 conjectured by 

 the author to be a variety of Hicracium scabrum), collected on Tuscarora Siomitaiu, iu the 



