Prenanthes. COMPOSIT.E. 433 



§ 1. XXbalus, Endl., with more contracted inflorescence, dull-colored flowers, 

 more nerved akenes (only in the last species taperin^^ at summit), and stiffer 

 sordid pappus. (North American eV; North Asiatic; — Xabalus, ta»s. Diet, xliii. 

 281 ; Hook. Fl. i. 293; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 4.S0. Harpalyce, Don, in Edinb. 

 Phil. Jour. vi. .iO.ii, not DC. Fl. late summer and autumn. 



^ Heads 20-35-flowered, comparatively broad, corymbosely paniculate: leaves mostly wing- 

 petioled. 



crepidinea, JIichx. Jlinutely puLesuent or partly glabrous : stem stout, 5 to 9 feet high, 

 brauching above, leafy up to the short branches of iuiiorescence : leaves ample, ovate-deltoid, 

 or radical hastate and uppermost oblong, anuely or laciniately dentate : involucre half to 

 two-thirds inch long, oblong-campanulate, .sjjarsely hirsute: flowers ochroleucous : akenes 

 finely 1 2-1.5-costate, four or five of the riljs str.jnger : pappus sordid. — Fl. ii. S4. Harpalyce 

 crepidlna, 15on ex .Steud. Xahtdus crepidineus, I)C. Prodr. vii. 241 ; Torr. & Grav, 1. c. 48.3. 

 . — Kich soil, Penn. and western borders of Xew York to Illinois and Kentucky; first coll. bv 

 Mlchaux. 



* * Heads 8-15-flowered, narrow, crowded r-r sometimes scattered in an elongated racemiform or 

 tliyr>oid-virgate iiifiorescence which terminates the simple (1 to 5 feet high) Hem : cauline 

 leave^ sessile; radical and lower tapering into winged petioles, not cordate or deltoid; all simply 

 piiinately veined: root usually fusiform-thickened or tuberous, simple or palmately branched. 



^— Th\'rsiis hirsute or pubescent: heads little or not at all drooping, on pedicels much shorter than 

 the involucre, 12-14-flowered: akenes at maturity about I.3-nerved, somewhat angled by four or 

 five of the nerves being stronger: stems leafy up to the strict thyrsus: leaves ordinarily only 

 denticulate, lower spatulate-oblong to obovate. 



'P. aspera, JIichx. I.e. Minutely scabrous-pubescent or below puberulent: upper leaves 

 lanceolate, not clasping : thyrsus a foot or two long : involucre roughish-hirsute : flowers 

 yellowi.^h cream-color. — P. lUlnoensis, Pers. Syn. ii. 36G; Pursli, PI. ii. 500. Cliuudrilla 

 Illinoensis, Poir. Sujjpl. ii. 331. Xahalus Illinoensis, DC. Prodr. vii. 242. A. asper, Torr. & 

 Gray, 1. c. — Prairies and barrens, Ohio and Kentucky to Iowa and Louisiana; first coll. by 

 ilichaux. 



' P. racemosa, !Miciix. 1. c. Leaves and stem glabrous and glaucous: upper cauline leaves 

 lanceolate to ovate, partly clasping, the broader ones by cordate or auriculate base : thyrsus 

 a span to 2 feet long: involucre rather loosely hirsute: flowers purplish. — Harpalyce race- 

 mosa, Don ex Steud. ; Beck, Bot. 168. Xabalus racemosus, DC. L c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — 

 ]Moi.,t or low ground, X. JIaine and Canada, also Xew Jersey, to Saskatchewan and the 

 Eocky Mountains, south to Colorado ; first coll. by Michaux. 



Var. pinnatifida. Large: leaves all lyrately or laciniately pinnatifid. — X. race- 

 mosus, var., Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Hackensack Marches, Xew Jersey, Carry. 



-i— ^_ Thyrsus and whole plant smooth and glabrous : heads pendulous and more pedicellate, in a 

 looser racemiform thyrsus, 8-12-flowered: akenes about 5-nerved or angled, the intermediate 

 nerves obscure. 

 P. Mainensis. About two feet high, leafy up to and into the panicle : leaves nearly those 

 of P. racemosa, but thinner and less glaucous; the radical ovate, commonly with abrupt or 

 rounded base ; upper subtending clusters of the interrupted narrow thyrsus : heads all droop- 

 ing both before and after anthesis, resembling those of the foUoiviug species. — Shore of the 

 St. John's River, at St. prancis, X, ilaine, Pringle. Gro^\ing with or near P. racemosa. 

 And a looser form of the latter, " very common on the St. John's Eiver," Goodale, is soiue- 

 what between the two ; so that this may be a hybrid of P. racemosa with P. serpentaria. 

 P. virgata, ^Micnx. 1. c. Glaucescent, very smooth, 2 to 4 feet high, very strict: radical 

 and lower 'leaves oblong-lanceolate, deeply sinuate-pinnatifid or pinnately parted, and divis- 

 ions sometimes lobed or few-toothed ; upper not clasping, decreasing to linear-lanceolate 

 and entire, and to small subulate bracts of the naked and slender (1 or 2 feet long) race- 

 miform inflorescence : flowers whitish or pale flesh-color : pappus sordid-stramineous. — 

 AViUd. Spec. iii. 1533 ; Pnrsh, 1. c. ; EU. Sk. ii. 258. P. autumnalh, &c., (Jronov. PI. Virg. ; 

 W'alt Car 193. P. simplex. Pursh, I. c. Hnrfniyrf virgata, Don ex Steud.; Beck, 1. c. 

 Xabalus rirr/atus, DC. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c — Moist ground in pine barrens. New Jersey 

 to Florida, in the low country. 



