HICKORY 



English Walnut. Smell none. Taste faintly astringent. Bums 

 well, somewhat noisily, embers glow in still air. Solution with 

 water brownish : after with alcohol vinous reddish-brown. 



Grain. Open, varies with the cut. Surface rather dull com- 

 pared with the English wood : not so cold to the touch. 



Bark. Deeply fissured. 



Uses, etc. As those of the English Walnut. " Checks if not 

 carefully seasoned : easily worked : susceptible of a beautiful 

 polish : durable in contact with the soil " (ioo). " Very durable : 

 not affected by worms . . . strong, tough, not liable to split " 

 (95). " Fences, rails, shingles, boat-building " (49). " When 

 worked up becomes more beautiful with age " (68). 



Authorities. Laslett (60), p. 181. Nordlinger (87), p. 522. 

 Ditto (86), vol. iii. p. 53. Hough (49), pt. ii. p. 24. Sargent 

 (100). Robb (95). Martin (68). Wiesner (113), L. 12, p. 884. 



This wood is readily confused with J. regia. " It is imported 

 in logs of large size, from 15-30 inches square by 10-21 ft. long : 

 imperfectly hewn with sap-wood, but without bark " (60). In- 

 ferior sorts are sent over in the form of planks and boards. 



Colour. Heart-wood, dark brown to black, with frequently a 

 tinge of purple in vertical section. 



Anatomical Characters. As those of J. regia, No. 183. Per- 

 haps the following differences may be more or less constant : — 



Rays. In transverse section very slightly denser than the 

 ground-tissue in the Spring and Autumn wood, but not denser 

 than that of the Summer wood, in which they are difficult to de- 

 tect. In radial section they are by no means clear, yet can be 

 located in certain lights. 



Rings. Boundary line just traceable with the lens by its 

 darker shade. 



The colour, lustre and the straightness of grain are the best 

 guides for distinguishing this wood, but they must be learned by 

 comparison with J. regia. 



Type specimens from commercial sources : also authenticated 

 by Hough. 



No. 185. HICKORY. Carya sp. (probably amara). 

 Plate XIII. Fig. 117. 



Natural Order. Juglandaceae. 



Physical Characters, etc. Dry-weight about 50 lbs. per cu. ft. 

 Hardness Grade 4, compare Maple. Smell or taste none. Burns 

 fairly well with a long, steady, quiet flame : no aroma and no 

 juice expelled by heat : embers glow in still air : ash brown. 

 Solution extremely faint, brownish. 



Grain. Very coarse and open. Surface bright. 



Bark. ? 



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