THE TIMBERS OF COMMERCE 



No. 240. WESTERN WHITE FIR. Abies grandis. 



Lindl. 



Plate XVI. Fig. 136. 



Natural Order. Coniferae. 



Synonyms. A. Gordoniana, Carr. A. amabilis, Murray. Pinus 

 grandis, Dougl. Picea grandis, Loudon. 



Alternative Names. Balsam (100). Balsam Fir (2). Great 

 Silver Fir (49). 



Sources of Supply. Canada and the United States. 



Physical Characters, etc. Recorded dry-weight 22-29 lbs. per 

 cu. ft. Hardness Grade 7, compare Deal. Smell or taste none. 

 Burns well and quietly without crackling : aroma faint but agree- 

 able : embers glow brightly in still air. Solution colourless. 



Grain. Fine and even. Surface has a frosted lustre. 



Bark. " When young is thickly covered with large bladders 

 or cells rilled with a liquid, resinous gum " (2). " Dark brown : 

 fissured lengthwise, with quite regular, firm ridges which break 

 away " (49). 



Uses, etc. " Common . . . grows to a large size . . . held 

 in small esteem, being perishable and brittle " (2). " Not 

 suited for any purpose for which strength is required . . . boxes, 

 light barrels, etc." (65). 



Authorities. Anderson (2), p. 12. Macoun (65), p. 38. Sar- 

 gent (100), p. 212. Hough (49), pt. ix. p. 51. 



Colour. Brownish-white. " White " (2). 



Anatomical Characters. As those of the Pines and Spruces 

 generally (see Nos. 242 and 235), but without vertical resin-pores. 



Rays. Need lens and are difficult to see even with the micro- 

 scope in the solid wood in Tangential section, but in Radial 

 section they are readily visible to the naked eye as a pale incon- 

 spicuous silver grain. 



The Spring wood passes over into that of the Autumn very 

 gradually, and the contrast between the two zones is not very 

 great except at the extreme boundary. The Spring wood appears 

 as a narrow zone only, and in wide rings the Summer and Autumn 

 wood account for the extra width. 



Type specimens authenticated by Hough. 



No. 241. OREGON PINE. Pseudotsuga Douglasii. 



Carr. 



Plate XVI. Fig. 138. 

 Natural Order. Coniferae. 



Synonyms. Abies Douglasii, Lindl. A. taxifolia, Poir. Picea 

 Douglasii, Link. Pinus Douglasii, Sabine, also Lamb. Pinus 

 taxifolia, Lamb. Tsuga Douglasii, Carr. 



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