44 MANUAL OF GARDENING 
also contrast and compare carefully the kinds of any tree or 
shrub of which there are two or three species in the neighbor- 
hood, learning to dis- 
tinguish them without 
close examination; as 
the sugar maple, red 
maple, soft maple, and 
Norway maple (if it is 
planted); the white or 
American elm, the cork 
elm, the slippery elm, 
the planted European 
35. Morello cherry. 
elms; the aspen, large-toothed 
poplar, cottonwood, balm of gil- 
ead, Carolina poplar, Lombardy 
poplar; the main species of oaks; 
the hickories; and the like. 
It will not be long before the 
observer learns that many of 
the tree and shrub characters 
are most marked in winter ; and 
he will begin unconsciously to 
add the winter to his year. 
Various specific examples. 36. May Duke cherry. 
The foregoing remarks will mean more if the reader is shown 
some concrete examples. Ihave chosen a few cases, not because 
