EXECUTION OF SOME OF THE LANDSCAPE FEATURES 175 
established, when the inexperienced operator may more readily 
lay them out. Usually, however, the planting and lawn-making 
proceed more or less simultaneously. . After the shaping of the 
ground has been completed, the areas are marked off by stakes, 
by a limp rope laid on 
the surface, or by a mark 
made with a rake handle. 
The margin once deter- 
-mined, the lawn may be 
seeded and rolled (Fig. 40), 
and the planting allowed 
to proceed as it may; or 
the planting may all be 
done inside the borders, 
and the seeding then be 
applied to the lawn. If 
the main dimensions of the 
borders and beds are care- 
fully measured and marked 
by stakes, it is an easy 
matter to complete the outline by making a mark with a stick or 
rakestale. 
The planting may be done in spring or fall, — in fall pref- 
erably if the stock is ready (and of hardy species) and the land 
74. A bowered pathway. 
75. Objects for pity. 
in perfect condition of drainage; usually, however, things are 
not ready early enough in the fall for any extended planting, 
and the work is commonly done as soon as the ground settles 
in spring (see Chapter V). Head the bushes back. Dig up the 
