THE HANDLING OF THE PLANTS 151 
trees, especially, 
should be carefully 
inspected and 
means taken to pre- 
serve them, by bolt- 
ing if necessary.” 
The illustrations, a 
Figs. 164-173, are |" aoe 12) 
8 elf-explanatory, 173. A method of saving valuable trees along streets 
and show poor  onwhich heavy lowering of grade has been made. 
practice and good practice in the care of trees. 
The grafting of plants. 
Grafting is the operation of inserting a piece of a plant into 
another plant with the intention that it shall grow. It differs 
from the making of cuttings in the fact that the severed part 
grows in another plant rather than in the soil. 
There are two general kinds of grafting — one of which 
inserts a piece of branch in the stock (grafting proper), and 
one which inserts only a bud with little or no wood attached 
(budding). In both cases the success of the operation depends 
on the growing together of the cambium of the cion (or cutting) 
and that of the stock. The cambium is the new and growing 
tissue lying underneath the bark and on the outside of the 
growing wood. Therefore, the line of demarcation between 
the bark and the wood should coincide when the cion and 
stock are joined. 
The plant on which the severed piece is set is called the stock. 
The part which is removed and set into the stock is called a 
cion if it is a piece of a branch, or a “bud” if it is only a single 
bud with a bit of tissue attached. 
The greater part of grafting and budding is performed when 
the cion or bud is nearly or quite dormant. That is, grafting 
is usually done late in winter and early in spring, and budding 
