152 
MANUAL OF GARDENING 
may be performed then, or late in summer, when the buds have 
nearly or quite matured. 
174. Budding. 
The ‘“‘bud’’; 
the opening 
to receive it ; 
the bud tied. 
The chief object of grafting is to perpetuate 
a kind of plant which will not reproduce itself 
from seed, or of which seed is very difficult to 
obtain. Cions or buds are therefore taken from 
this plant and set into whatever kind of plant 
is obtainable on which they will grow. Thus, 
if one wants to propagate the Baldwin apple, he 
does not for that purpose sow seeds thereof, but 
takes cions or buds from a Baldwin tree and 
grafts them into some other apple tree. The 
stocks are usually obtained from seeds. In the 
case of the apple, young plants are raised from 
seeds which are secured mostly from cider fac- 
tories. without reference to the variety from 
which they came. When the seedlings have 
grown to a certain age, they are budded or 
grafted, the grafted part making the entire top 
of the tree; and the top bears fruit like that of 
the tree from which the cions were taken. 
There are many ways in which the union be- 
tween cion and stock is made. Budding may 
be first discussed. It consists in inserting a 
bud underneath the bark of the stock, and the 
commonest practice is that which is shown in 
the illustrations. Budding is mostly performed 
in July, August, and early September, when the 
bark is still loose or in condition to peel. Twigs 
are cut from the tree which it is desired to prop- 
agate, and the buds are cut off with a sharp 
knife, a shield-shaped bit of bark (with possibly 
a little wood) being left with them (Fig. 174). 
The bud is then shoved into a slit made in the 
