THE HANDLING OF THE PLANTS 165 
planks through the field at a distance apart of six feet. The 
plank on the north is ordinarily ten to twelve inches wide, and 
that on the south eight to ten inches. These planks are held 
' in place by stakes, and the sashes are laid across 
them. Seeds of radishes, beets, lettuce, and the 
like, are then sown beneath the sash, and when 
settled weather arrives, the sash and planks are 
removed and the plants are growing naturally 
in the field. Half-hardy plants, as those 
mentioned, may be started fully two or 
three weeks in advance of the 
. normal season by this means. 
Ti) WA One of the simplest types of 
coldframes is shown in Fig. 194, 
194, Coldframeagainst which is a lean-to against the 
a building. Plants a : 
at EB; sillofhouse at foundation of a house. A sill is 
a Penne open- run just above the surface of the 
ee ground, and the sashes, shown at 
D, are laid on rafters which run from this sill to the sill of the 
house, A. If this frame is on the south side of the building, 
plants may be started even as 
early as a month before the open- 
ing of the season. Such lean-to 
frames are sometimes made against 
greenhouses or warm cellars, and 
heat is supplied to them by the 
opening of a door in the wall, as 
at B. In frames that are in such 
sunny positions as these, it is ex- 
ceedingly important that care be 
taken to remove the sash, or at least to give ample ventilation, 
in all sunny days. 
A different type of lean-to structure is shown in Fig. 195. 
This may be either a temporary or permanent building, and 
oO 
195. Weather screen, or cold- 
frame, against a building. 
