168 MANUAL OF GARDENING 
sometimes too hot on the 
south side of large and 
light-colored buildings. 
One of the best means 
of protection is to plant 
a hedge of evergreens, as 
shown in Fig.199. It is 
always desirable, also, to 
place all the coldframes and hotbeds close together, for the 
purpose of economizing time and labor. A regular area or 
yard may be set aside 2 
for this purpose. 
Various small and 
portable coldframes 
may be used about the 
garden for the protec- 
tion of tender plants or 
to start them early in 
the spring. Pansies, daisies, and border carnations, for ex- 
ample, may be brought on very early by setting such frames 
— over them or by plant- 
ing them under the 
frames in the fall. These 
frames may be of any 
size desired, and the sash 
may be either removable, or, in case of small frames, they may 
be hinged at the top. Figs. 200-203 illustrate various types. 
201. A laruée portable coldframe. 
202. A commodious portable frame. 
203. A low coldframe. 
Hotbeds. 
A hotbed differs from a coldframe in being provided with 
bottom heat. This heat is ordinarily supplied by means of 
fermenting manure, but it may be obtained from other ferment- 
ing material, as tanbark or leaves, or from artificial heat, as 
flues, steam pipes, or water pipes. 
