196 MANUAL OF GARDENING 
Fungicide spraying formulas. 
The standard fungicide is bordeaux mixture, made in several 
forms. The second most important fungicide for the home gar- 
dener is ammoniacal copper carbonate. Sulfur dust (flowers of 
sulfur) and liver of sulfur (potassium sulfide) are also useful in 
dry or wet sprays for surface mildews. The lime-sulfur wash, 
primarily an insecticide, also has fungicidal property (p. 195). 
Bordeaux mixture. — Copper sulfate, 4 lb.; stone lime or quick- 
lime (unslaked), 4 lb.; water, 50 gal. This formula is the strength 
usually recommended. Stock mixtures of copper sulfate and lime are 
desirable. They are prepared in the following way :— 
(1) Dissolve the required amount of copper sulfate in water in the 
proportion of one pound to one gallon several hours before the solution 
is needed, the copper sulfate crystals being suspended in a sack near 
the top of the water. A solution of copper sulfate is heavier than 
water. As soon then, as the crystals begin to dissolve the solution will 
sink, keeping water in contact with the crystals. In this way, the 
crystals will dissolve much sooner than if placed in the bottom of the 
barrel of water. In case large quantities of stock solution are needed, 
two pounds of copper sulfate may be dissolved in one gallon of water. 
(2) Slake the required amount of lime ina tub or trough. Add the 
water slowly at first, so that the lime crumbles into a fine powder. If 
small quantities of lime are used, hot water is preferred. When com- 
pletely slaked, or entirely powdered, add more water. When the lime 
has slaked sufficiently, add water to bring it to a thick milk, or to a 
certain number of gallons. The amount required for each tank of 
spray mixture can be secured approximately from this stock mixture, 
which should not be allowed to dry out. 
(3) Use five gallons of stock solution of copper sulfate for every 
fifty gallons of bordeaux required. Pour this into the tank. Add 
water until the tank is about two-thirds full. From the stock lime 
mixture take the required amount. Knowing the number of pounds 
of lime in the stock mixture and the volume of that mixture, one can 
take out approximately the number of pounds required. Dilute this 
a little by adding water, and strain into the tank. Stir the mixture, 
