292 MANUAL OF GARDENING 
Plants that bloom in very early spring (not mentioning such 
as birches, alders, and hazels) may be found in amelanchier, 
cydonia, daphne, dirca, forsythia, cercis (in tree list), benzoin, 
lonicera (L. fragrantissima), salix (S. discolor and other pussy 
willows), shepherdia. 
Shrubs bearing conspicuous berries, pods, and the like, that 
persist in fall or winter may be found in the genera berberis 
(particularly B. Thunbergiz), colutea, corylus, crateegus, euony- 
mus, ilex, physocarpus, ostrya, ptelea, pyracantha (Plate XIX) 
pyrus, rhodotypos, rosa (R. rugosa), staphylea, symphoricarpus, 
viburnum, xanthoceras. 
List of shrubbery plants for the North. 
The following list of shrubs (of course not complete) com- 
prises a selection with particular reference to southern Michi- 
gan and central New York, where the mercury sometimes 
falls to fifteen degrees below zero. Application is also made 
to Canada by designating species that have been found to be 
hardy at Ottawa. 
The list is arranged alphabetically by the names of the 
genera. 
The asterisk (*) denotes that the plant is native to North 
America. 
The double dagger (tf) indicates species that are recommended 
by the Central Experimental Farms, Ottawa, Ontario. 
It is often difficult to determine whether a group should be 
listed among shrubs or trees. Sometimes the plant is not 
quite a tree and is yet something more than a shrub or bush; 
sometimes the plant may be distinctly a tree in its southern 
range and a shrub in its northern range; sometimes the same 
genus or group contains both shrubs and trees. In the follow- 
ing genera there are doubtful cases: zesculus, alnus, amelanchier, 
betula, caragana, castanea, cornus (C. florida), crategus, ele- 
agnus, prunus, robinia. 
