294 MANUAL OF GARDENING 
Siberian pea-tree, Caragana arborescens.t 
Flowers pea-like, yellow, in May; very hardy; 10-15 feet. 
Small pea-tree, C. pygmea. 
Very small, 1-3 ft, but sometimes grafted on C. arborescens. 
Shrubby pea-tree, C. frutescens.f 
Flowers larger than those of C. arborescens; 3-10 ft. 
Large-flowered pea-tree, C. grandiflora.} 
Larger-flowered than the last, which it resembles; 4 ft. 
Blue spirea, Caryopteris Mastacanthus. 
Flowers bright blue, in late summer and fall; 2-4 ft., but is likely to die 
to ground in winter. 
Chinquapin or dwarf chestnut, Castanea pumila.* 
Becomes a small tree, but usually bushy. 
Ceanothus, Ceanothus Americanus.* 
A very small native shrub, desirable for dry places under trees; 2-3 ft. 
There are many good European garden forms of ceanothus, but not hardy in 
the northern states. 
Button-bush, Cephalanthus occidentalis.* 
Blossoms in July and August; desirable for water-courses and other low 
places; 4-10 ft. 
Fringe tree, Chionanthus Virginica.* 
Shrub as large as lilac, or becoming tree-like, with fringe-like white flowers 
in spring. 
White alder, Clethra alnifolia.* 
A very fine, hardy shrub, producing very fragrant flowers in July and 
August; should be better known; 4-10 ft. 
Bladder senna, Colutea arborescens. 
Pea-like yellowish flowers in June, and big inflated pods; 8-12 ft. 
European osier, Cornus alba (known also as C. Sibirica and C. Tatarica). 
Branches deep red; 4-8 ft.; the variegated form { has leaves edged white. 
Bailey’s osier, C. Batleyi.* 
Probably the finest of the native osiers for color of twigs and foliage; 
5-8 ft. 
