334 MANUAL OF GARDENING 
Northern juniper, J. Sabina, var. prostrata.* 
One of the best of the low, diffuse conifers; var. tamariscifolia,t 1-2 ft. 
Chinese and Japanese junipers in many forms, J. Chinensis. 
Dwarf Norway spruce, Picea excelsa, dwarf forms. 
Several very dwarf sorts of the Norway spruce are in cultivation, some of 
which are to be recommended. 
Dwarf pine, Pinus montana, var. pumilio. 
Muguo pine, P. montana var. Mughus.t 
There are other desirable dwarf pines. 
Wild yew, Taxus Canadensis.* 
Common in woods; a wide-spreading plant known as “ground hemlock’’; 
3-4 ft. 
Arboreous conifers. 
The evergreen conifers that one is likely to plant may be roughly 
classed as pines; spruces and firs; cedars and junipers; arborvite; 
yews. 
White Pine, Pinus Strobus.*t 
The best native species for general planting; retains its bright green color 
in winter. 
Austrian pine, P. Austriaca.t 
Hardy, coarse, and rugged; suitable only for large areas; foliage very dark. 
Scotch pine, P. sylvestris.t 
Not so coarse as Austrian pine, with a lighter and bluer foliage. 
Red pine, P. resinosa.*t 
Valuable in groups and belts; usually called ‘““Norway pine’; rather 
heavy in expression. 
Bull pine, P. ponderosa.*t 
A strong majestic tree, deserving to be better known in large grounds; 
native westward. 
Cembrian pine, P. Cembra. 
A very fine slow-growing tree; one of the few standard pines suitable for 
small places. 
