ROSE 393 
it over. In Holland, roses are allowed to stand about eight years. 
They are then taken out and their places filled with young plants. 
Soil and planting for roses. 
The best soil for roses is a deep and rich clay loam. If it is more or 
less of a fibrous character from the presence of grass roots, as is the 
case with newly plowed sod ground, so much the better. While such 
is desirable, any ordinary soil will answer, provided it is well manured. 
Cow manure is strong and lasting, and has no heating effect. It will 
cause no damage, even if not rotted. Horse manure, however, should 
be well rotted before mixing it with the soil. The manure may be 
mixed in the soil at the rate of one part in four. If well rotted, how- 
ever, more will not do any damage, as the soil can scarcely be made 
too rich, especially for the everblooming (hybrid tea) roses. Care 
should be taken to mix the manure thoroughly with the earth, and not 
to plant the roses against the manure. 
In planting, care must be taken to avoid exposing the roots tc the 
drying of sun and air. If dormant field-grown plants have been pur- 
chased, all broken and bruised roots will need to be cut off smoothly 
and squarely. The tops also will need cutting back. The cut should 
always be made just above a bud, preferably on the outer side of the 
cane. Strong-growing sorts may be cut back one-fourth or one-half, 
according as they have good or bad roots. Weaker-growing kinds, 
as most of the everblooming roses, should be cut back most severely. 
In both cases it is well to remove the weak growth first. Plants set 
out from pots will usually not need cutting back. 
Hardy roses, especially the strong field-grown plants, should be set 
in the early fall if practicable. It is desirable to get them out just as 
soon as they have shed their foliage. If not then, they may be planted 
in the early spring. At that season it is advisable to plant them as 
early as the ground is dry enough, and before the buds have started 
to grow. Dormant pot-plants may also be set out early, but they 
should be perfectly inactive. Setting them out early in this condi- 
tion is preferable to waiting till they are in foliage and full bloom, as 
is so often required by buyers. Growing pot-plants may be planted 
any time in spring after danger of frost is past, or even during the sum- 
mer, if they are watered and shaded for a few days. 
