396 MANUAL OF GARDENING 
North of the Ohio River all the everblooming roses, even if they 
will endure the winter unprotected, will be better for protection. This 
may be slight southward, but should be thorough northward. The 
soil, location, and surroundings often determine the extent of pro- 
tection. If the situation is not so favorable, more protection will be 
necessary. Along the Ohio, a heap of stable manure, or light soil that 
does not become packed and water-logged, placed about the base of 
the plants, will carry over many of the tea roses. The tops are killed 
back; but the plants sprout from the base of the old branches in the 
spring. Bon Silene, Etoile de Lyon, Perle des Jardins, Mme. Camille, 
and others are readily wintered there in this way. 
About Chicago (American Florist, x., No. 358, p. 929, 1895) beds 
have been successfully protected by bending down the tops, fastening 
them, and then placing over and among the plants a layer of dead leaves 
to the depth of a foot. The leaves must be dry, and the soil also, 
before applying them; this is very essential. After the leaves, a 
layer of lawn-clippings, highest at the middle, and 4 or 5 inches 
thick, placed over the leaves, holds them in place and sheds water. 
This protection carries over the hardiest sorts of everblooming roses, 
including the teas. The tops are killed back when not bent down, 
but this protection saves the roots and crowns; when bent down, the 
tops went through without damage. Even the climbing rose Gloire 
de Dijon was carried through the winter of 1894-1895 at Chicago with- 
out the slightest injury to the branches. 
Strong plants of the everblooming or hybrid tea roses can now be had 
at very reasonable rates, and rather than go to the trouble of protecting 
them in the fall, many persons buy such as they need for bedding pur- 
poses each spring. If the soil of the beds is well enriched, the plants make 
arapid and luxuriant growth, blooming freely throughout the summer. 
If one desires to go to the trouble, he may protect these and also the 
tea roses even in the northern states by mounding earth about the 
plants and then building a little shed or house about them (or inverting a 
large box over them) and packing about the plants with leaves or straw. 
Some persons make boxes that can be knocked down in the spring and 
stored. The roof should shed water. This method is better than tying 
the plants up in straw and burlaps. Some of the hybrid teas do not 
need so much protection as this, even in central New York. 
