GRAPE 431 
ferred by many. Moore (Moore Early) has been our best very early 
black variety, but is likely to be superseded by Campbell, which is a 
stronger vine, more productive, bunches larger, fruit of better quality, 
and of superior keeping qualities, making it valuable for shipping pur- 
poses. Catawba, Delaware, and Brighton are among the best red 
varieties, although Agawam and Salem are much used. Winchell 
(Green Mountain) is the best early white variety, and in most sections 
Niagara, a late white sort, does well. Diamond (Moore Diamond) is a 
white grape of better quality than Niagara. 
Grapes under glass (S. W. Fletcher). 
The European grapes rarely thrive out of doors in eastern America. 
Grape houses are necessary, with or without artificial heat. Fruit for 
home use may be grown very satisfactorily in a cold grapery (without 
artificial heat). A simple lean-to against the south side of a building 
or wall is cheap and serviceable. When a separate building is desired, 
an even-span house running north and south is preferable. There is 
no advantage in having a curved roof, except as a matter of looks. A 
compost of four parts rotted turf to one of manure is laid on a sloping 
cement bottom outside the house, making a border 12 feet wide and 2 
feet deep. The cement may be replaced with rubble on well-drained 
soils, but it is a poor makeshift. Every three years the upper 6 inches 
of the border should be renewed with manure. The border inside the 
house is prepared likewise. Two-year-old potted vines are planted 
about 4 feet apart in a single row. Part of the roots go through a 
crevice in the wall to the outer border and part remain inside; or all 
may go outside if the house is desired for other purposes. One strong 
cane is trained to a wire trellis hanging at least 18 inches from the glass, 
and is cut back to 3 feet the first year, 6 the second, and 9 the third. 
Do not be in a hurry to get along cane. Pruning is on the spur system, 
as recommended for arbors on p. 430. The vines are usually laid 
on the ground for winter and covered with leaves or wrapped with 
cloth. 
As soon as the buds swell in early spring, tie the vines to the trellis 
and start out one shoot from each spur, rubbing off all others. After 
the berries begin to color, however, it is better to leave all further 
growth to shade the fruit. Pinch back each of these laterals two 
