176 



dark bars, conspicuous on whitish under- 

 side ; upper tail-coverts barred and tipped 

 with wlute ; tail paler brown, tipped with 

 white, and with 3 dark bands ; below 

 white, with brown streaks on throat, large 

 blotches on breast and smaller spots on 

 flanks and abdomen ; ? larger and with 

 much less grey on head and more barred 

 below. Immature : head dark brown, 

 rufous on sides and hind neck ; tail more 

 banded ; below rufous brown, with distinct 

 black shaft-streaks ; later under parts 

 become barred with white. Black varie- 

 ties (nearly uniform sooty brown) occur. 



277. Pernis orientalis Tacz, Faune Orn. Sib. Or., 

 i., p. 50 (in Mem. Ac. St. Petersb., xxxix., 

 1891) [£. Siberia, type in Warsaw Mus.] 

 Siberian Honey Buzzard. 



Larger ; wiiig cJ 450, ? 475 mm. ; head, 

 nape and band roimd lower throat black, 

 the nape mottled with white bases to all 

 the feathers. 



E. Siberia 

 (Lake Bajkal, 

 Ussuri River, 

 Askold I.) ; 

 in winter to 

 S. China. 



278. Pernis cristatus cristatus (Vieill.), Tabl. Enc. 

 Meth. Orn., p. 1225 (1823). [Java, type in 

 Paris Mus.] [ =P. ptilonorhynchus.] 

 Crested Pern. 



Java ; Borneo 

 Philippines. 



Slightly smaller ; wing (Java) <? 437 mm. ; 

 crest of long feathers (77 mm.) ; general 

 colour deep chocolate brown, a Uttle barred 

 with white on belly and thighs ; crown and 

 long crest (77 mm.) black ; sides of head 

 and upper throat grey and scaly-looking ; 

 lower throat black ; tail with very broad 

 central band of pale ashy brown and broad 

 terminal and less broad sub-basal black 

 bands, the base brown mottled with ashy 

 and white. Immature : huffish to white 

 below, with broader shaft-stripes. 



