216 



313e. Cerchneis tinnunculus dacoUee (Hart.), Vog. 

 Pal. Faun., p. 1086 (1913). [Lanzarote.] 

 East Canarian Kestrel. 



Wing (J 213-225, ? 225-250 mm. ; above 

 as pale as in C. t. tinnunculus ; below deeper 

 rusty. 



313f . Cerchneis tinnunculus japonicus (Temm. and 

 Schleg.), in Siebold's Fauna Jap. Aves, p. 2, 

 pi. 1, and lb. (1844). [Japan =near Naga- 

 saki.] 

 Japanese Kestrel. 



Larger ; wing <? 240-247, ? 253-260 mm. ; 

 head darker than in C. t. tinnunculus ; 

 dark spots on mantle larger and with 

 broad dark shaft-marks to the feathers ; 

 below darker than C. t. tinnunculus. 



f *313g. Cerchneis tinnunculus interstinctus McClel- 

 land, P.Z.S., 1839, p. 154. [Assam.] 

 [ =C. tinnunculus saturatus, auct.] 

 Himalayan Kestrel. . 



Rather smaller ; wing S 230-240, tail 152 ; 

 wing $ 240-253 mm. ; smaller and much 

 darker than C. t. tinnunculus ; much deeper 

 rufous above and more heavily spotted ; 

 head and tail showing a great tendency to 

 a rufous wash, and tail more generally 

 with remains of black bars even when 

 adult ; chest more heavily striped and 

 breast with larger spots. 



313h. Cerchneis tinnunculus carlo Hart & Neu- 

 mann, J.f.O., 1907, p. 592. [Bissidimo near 

 Harrar, type in Tring Mus.] 

 Central African Kestrel. 



Smaller than C. t. tinnunculus ; wing (J 

 220-240 mm. ; dark form approaching 

 interstinctus. 



E. Canary 

 Islands 



(Fuertaventura 

 Lanzarote.) 



Japan; 



S. in winter to 



China, Hainan, 



Borneo and 



Philippines. 



Mountains of 

 N. India to 

 China ; in 

 winter S. to 

 Travancore and 

 Malay Penin, ; 

 cas. Ceylon (?). 



Mountains of 

 Tropical Africa 

 (Somaliland, 

 Abjresinia, 

 Blue Nile, to 

 Victoria Nyanza 

 & Tanganyika) ; 

 S. Arabia. 



