MOSSES. 



3S3 



drawing was made was taken from one of the sources of the Wandle 

 in Carshalton village. 



A very common Hypnum or Feather Moss creeps over our stones 

 and wood, and growing as it does in winter, when vegetation naturally 

 rests, affords us an object for admiration and study, when flowering 

 plants have ceased their growth. 



We have also other common mosses, as Pottia truncata, Bryum 

 intermedium, Tortula muralis, Ceratodon purpureus, Hypnum serpens, 

 H. rutabulum, and H. splendens (fig. 820a). 



The experience gained in my mossery has convinced me that with 

 knowledge, skill, and attention, it is practicable, although difficult, to 

 estabhsh such an appendage to the garden ; and I trust that hereafter 

 no horticulturist will dispense with the mossery. 



LICHENS. 



The Lichens are a class of plants allied to the Algae on the one 

 hand, and to the Fungi on the other. I once thought that we had 

 only two or three species, but a lichenologist, the Rev. J. M. Crombie, 

 in a morning's walk speedily discovered a dozen kinds. The lichens 

 have been supposed to live entirely upon the atmosphere, and to 

 derive no nutriment from the plants, stones, or sticks to which they 



Fig. 822 — Physcia parietina. Fig. 823.— Lecanora subfusca. 



Fig. 821, — Ramalina fastigiata. 



attach themselves ; nevertheless, they appear to be very hurtful to 

 plants, and therefore I should imagine that they abstract some 

 nourishment from them. On the apple-trees we have at least two 

 species. The species which I have figured from niy garden are — Ra- 

 malina fastigiata (fig. 821), which grows on old trees; Physcia parietina 



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