LEPIDOPTERA. 



483 



Hymenopterous insects are of great importance in destroying the 

 caterpillar pests of the garden. 



The Hawthorn Butterfly (Pieris cratagi) occasionally visits gardens, 

 and, according to Boisduval, is at times troublesome in all parts of 

 Europe, but if it has visited us it has not been observed. The caterpillar 

 of the great Tortoiseshell Butterfly is also said to live upon cherry and 

 plum trees, and sometimes it strips them entirely of their leaves : — 



" lA, tout papillon a des roses ; 



Tout corps laissd, des tapis verts : 

 Toute abeille a des fleurs ^closes ; 



Et tout zdphire, des concerts."— Jules Canonge. 



We are troubled to a certain extent with the tree-destroying Goat 

 Moth {Cossus ligniperdd). The caterpillar (fig. 1065) is a truly formidable 



Fig. 1065.— Caterpillar of Goat Moth. 



creature, with a pair of jaws of such power that it can eat and penetrate 

 into the hardest trees. It lives upon the woody 

 fibre, and is particularly partial to the willow. I 

 have known it to destroy cherry and apple trees. Its 

 presence may be known by an unpleasant odour, and 

 by a peculiar kind of sawdust-looking matter oozing 

 from the trunks of the trees. A short time ago I 

 saw one of my favourite apple-trees so attacked. I 

 immediately cut into this caterpillar's gallery, which 

 I found penetrated to the heart of the tree. The 

 moth itself is three inches across the wings, and 

 is remarkable for the quantity of fat it contains, 

 which is apt to grease the paper of the cabinet in 

 which it is placed. Fig. 1066 shows part of the trunk of an apple-tree 

 which was literally riddled by these creatures. 



112. 



Fig. 1066. — Apple-stem 

 eaten by Goat Moth. 



