100 SWINE GEORGE E. DAY. 



not likely to prove at all injurious to the pigs. A very 

 good wall can be made by setting two-by-four scantlings 

 on end, and first boarding inside and out with rough lumber. 

 This rough lumber should then be covered with tarred paper, 

 and then the walls should be tightly boarded up with 

 matched lumber. If preferred, the outside of the pen may 

 be clap boarded, or boarded up and down with good lumber 

 and battens placed over the cracks. Matched lumber is 

 best for the inside of the pen. If it is thought desirable to 

 have a loft over the pen, the ceiling can be made of poles, 

 placed a few inches apart, and well covered with straw. 

 The straw absorbs moisture and helps to keep the pen dry. 

 Where this is done the straw should be renewed at least 

 every rear, otherwise it becomes a harbor for dust, and, 

 possibly, disease germs. 



Ventilation. Thorough ventilation is a great help in 

 preserving dryness, but it is a difficult thing to secure in a 

 piggery without unduly lowering the temperature. It is an 

 aid to ventilation to provide a large air space ; in other 

 words, to have a high ceiling. The tendency at present is 

 to do away with the common loft over the piggery, and to 

 have the space above the pigs extend to the roof. This gives 

 more air space and makes ventilation a simpler problem, 

 but it necessitates lining the under side of the rafters with 

 matched lumber in order to prevent the pen from becoming 

 too cold. The admission of fresh air can be provided for by 

 constructing shafts in the walls at intervals of fifteen or 

 twenty feet. These shafts should not be more than about 

 four by six inches in size, and should open outside near the 

 ground, and inside at the ceiling. Provision should be made 

 for closing, or partial closing, of these intakes when cold air 

 is admitted too rapidly. The outlets may consist of shafts 

 about eight inches square extending through the roof and 

 equipped on the top with a device for preventing the wind 

 from blowing down the shafts. If a feed cooker is used, 

 it could be utilized to great advantage in assisting ventila- 



