RETROGRESSIVE METAMORPHOSES. 297 



long siliqnas. These are full of petals, and if carefully- 

 examined appear to be whorled, with traces of stamens and 

 pistil within them ; so that they represent flower-bnds, but 

 of which petals form the greater part ; similarly, Rhodo- 

 dendrons and other flowers are known to bear imperfect 

 flower-buds within the ovary (Fig. 79, 6). 



Anthers occupying the place of stigmas appear to have 

 occurred in Campanula,* Snowdrop, and double Tulips. 



The substitution of stamens for the entire pistil is of a 

 less usual occurrence than the staminody of its parts : for 

 cases, the reader may consult Masters's Teratology.'^ In a 

 species of Orchis, probably 0. Mario, the ovaries were wanting 

 altogether, a long pedicel taking their place, and within 

 the reduced and regular perianth were two anthers on 

 opposite sides (Fig. 23, a, p. 92), an apparent compensation 

 in lieu of the pistil. 



The next and most frequent case of metamorphosis is 

 that of conversion of carpels, and usually the stamens as well, 

 into petals, or the so-called "doubling" of 

 flowers. This is usually accompanied by a 

 change from whorls to spirals with a multi- 

 plication of the parts. Thus, in a double 

 Wallflower, I have counted more than fifty 

 petals spirally arranged. With regard to 

 the petalody of the pistil, as Dr. Masters 

 observes, " this is much less common than 

 the corresponding change in the stamens. ^'^i.„',2i^J!^Sd 

 It generally affects the style and stigma J^J^p^' of /■ofjian- 

 only, as happens normally in Petalostylis, 

 Iris, etc." J Fig. 80 illustrates a metamorphosed carpel of 

 Polyanthus, with a broad coloured appendage to the style. 



In some double flowers the carpels only are petaloid. 



• Teratology, p. 300. t lUd., p. 299. J Ibid., p. 296. 



