THE LIMBS AND GIRDLES. 



537 



fibulare — and three imperfectly ossified distal elements, five 

 metatarsal bones, and five toes. The first toe or hallux 



FlG. 228. — Pectoral girdle of Rana esculenta. 

 — After Ecker. 



The cartilaginous parts are dotted, it/*., Episternum ; om., omo- 

 sternum ; Ep.c, epicoracoids ; St., sternum ; x., xiphisternum ; 

 cl., clavicle with underlying precoracoid cartilage; co., cora- 

 coid ; Sc, scapula; S.sc. , supra-sc'apula ; 67., glenoid cavity 

 for humerus. 



has two phalanges, the second also two, the third three, the 

 fourth four, the fifth three, and, finally, outside the hallux 

 there is a " calcar," which looks like an extra toe, and con- 



FlG. 229. — Side view of frog's pelvis. — After Ecker. 

 //., Ilium ; Is., ischium ; Ph., pubis ; Ac, acetabulum. 



sists of three pieces. The astragalus is in line with the first 

 toe. The long bones of the skeleton show readily separable 

 calcified terminal caps or epiphyses. 



Muscular system. — The muscles are enswathed in con- 



